Reasoning about the body moving in the world, sentence 4
Stopping slowly is gentler than stopping suddenly, which is why bent knees, sand, mats and helmet foam soften a landing: a girl in Edinburgh jumping into a sandpit lands softly because the sand lets her slow down over a longer time.
Who acts: Stopping, girl, sand · What happens: stop, be, jump, land, let, slow down · To what, where: sandpit, girl
This is a sentence of the lesson «Reasoning about the body moving in the world» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Stopping, girl, sand), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Stopping | stop | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 4 gentler | csubj |
| 2 | slowly | slowly | ADV | _ | 1 Stopping | advmod |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 gentler | cop |
| 4 | gentler | gentle | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | root | root |
| 5 | than | than | SCONJ | _ | 6 stopping | mark |
| 6 | stopping | stop | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 gentler | advcl |
| 7 | suddenly | suddenly | ADV | _ | 6 stopping | advmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 soften | punct |
| 9 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 21 soften | nsubj |
| 10 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 soften | cop |
| 11 | why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 21 soften | advmod |
| 12 | bent | bent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 knees | amod |
| 13 | knees | knee | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 soften | nsubj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 sand | punct |
| 15 | sand | sand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 knees | conj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 mats | punct |
| 17 | mats | mat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 knees | conj |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 foam | cc |
| 19 | helmet | helmet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 foam | compound |
| 20 | foam | foam | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 knees | conj |
| 21 | soften | soften | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 gentler | conj |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 landing | det |
| 23 | landing | landing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 soften | obj |
| 24 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 21 soften | punct |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 girl | det |
| 26 | girl | girl | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 lands | nsubj |
| 27 | in | in | ADP | _ | 28 Edinburgh | case |
| 28 | Edinburgh | Edinburgh | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 girl | nmod |
| 29 | jumping | jump | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 26 girl | acl |
| 30 | into | into | ADP | _ | 32 sandpit | case |
| 31 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 32 sandpit | det |
| 32 | sandpit | sandpit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 jumping | obl |
| 33 | lands | land | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 soften | parataxis |
| 34 | softly | softly | ADV | _ | 33 lands | advmod |
| 35 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 38 lets | mark |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 sand | det |
| 37 | sand | sand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 lets | nsubj |
| 38 | lets | let | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 33 lands | advcl |
| 39 | her | her | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 lets | obj |
| 40 | slow | slow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 38 lets | xcomp |
| 41 | down | down | ADP | _ | 40 slow | compound:prt |
| 42 | over | over | ADP | _ | 45 time | case |
| 43 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 45 time | det |
| 44 | longer | long | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 45 time | amod |
| 45 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 slow | obl |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 gentler | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | stop | gerund | slowly property | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | |||||
| 2 | is | present | Stopping | gentle property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | stop | gerund | Stopping not said here | suddenly property | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | ||||
| 4 | is | present | soften property | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | jump | gerund | a girl in Edinburgh not said here | into a sandpit result | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into sandpit=Result | ||||
| 6 | land | present | a girl in Edinburgh | softly property | vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 7 | let | present | the sand | girl | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | slow down | infinitive | girl not said here | time | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:everyday:010-reasoning-about-the-moving-body.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/10-reasoning-about-the-moving-body/4/