Smells that warn, sentence 14
Spoiled food may smell sour or rotten because bacteria (tiny living things too small to see) and moulds are breaking it down.
Who acts: Spoiled food, bacteria · What happens: spoil, smell, see, break down · To what, where: food
This is a sentence of the lesson «Smells that warn» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Spoiled food, bacteria), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Spoiled | spoil | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 food | amod |
| 2 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 smell | nsubj |
| 3 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 smell | aux |
| 4 | smell | smell | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | sour | sour | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 smell | xcomp |
| 6 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 7 rotten | cc |
| 7 | rotten | rotten | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 sour | conj |
| 8 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 22 breaking | mark |
| 9 | bacteria | bacterium | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 breaking | nsubj |
| 10 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 11 tiny | punct |
| 11 | tiny | tiny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 things | amod |
| 12 | living | live | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 things | amod |
| 13 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 bacteria | appos |
| 14 | too | too | ADV | _ | 15 small | advmod |
| 15 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 things | amod |
| 16 | to | to | PART | _ | 17 see | mark |
| 17 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 small | advcl |
| 18 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 13 things | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 moulds | cc |
| 20 | moulds | mould | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 bacteria | conj |
| 21 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 breaking | aux |
| 22 | breaking | break | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 4 smell | advcl |
| 23 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 breaking | obj |
| 24 | down | down | ADP | _ | 22 breaking | compound:prt |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 smell | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | spoil | participle | vn entity_specific_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 2 | smell | may | Spoiled food | sour property | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | see | to-infinitive | bacteria and moulds not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 4 | break down | present · progressive | bacteria and moulds | food | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:everyday:013-smells-that-warn.lesson:14.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/13-smells-that-warn/14/