Weather signs and the 30-30 rule, sentence 2
Light reaches you almost instantly, but sound travels only about 1 kilometre in 3 seconds (about 1 mile in 5 seconds), so counting from flash to bang tells you how far away the lightning is.
Who acts: Light, sound, counting, lightning · What happens: reach, travel, count, tell, be · To what, where: you, 1 kilometre, flash · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Weather signs and the 30-30 rule» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Light, sound, counting, lightning), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 reaches | nsubj |
| 2 | reaches | reach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 2 reaches | obj |
| 4 | almost | almost | ADV | _ | 5 instantly | advmod |
| 5 | instantly | instantly | ADV | _ | 2 reaches | advmod |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 travels | punct |
| 7 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 9 travels | cc |
| 8 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 travels | nsubj |
| 9 | travels | travel | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 reaches | conj |
| 10 | only | only | ADV | _ | 12 1 | advmod |
| 11 | about | about | ADV | _ | 12 1 | advmod |
| 12 | 1 | 1 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 13 kilometre | nummod |
| 13 | kilometre | kilometre | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 travels | obj |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 seconds | case |
| 15 | 3 | 3 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 16 seconds | nummod |
| 16 | seconds | second | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 kilometre | nmod |
| 17 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 20 mile | punct |
| 18 | about | about | ADV | _ | 19 1 | advmod |
| 19 | 1 | 1 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 20 mile | nummod |
| 20 | mile | mile | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 kilometre | parataxis |
| 21 | in | in | ADP | _ | 23 seconds | case |
| 22 | 5 | 5 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 23 seconds | nummod |
| 23 | seconds | second | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 mile | nmod |
| 24 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 20 mile | punct |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 tells | punct |
| 26 | so | so | ADV | _ | 27 counting | advmod |
| 27 | counting | count | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 32 tells | csubj |
| 28 | from | from | ADP | _ | 29 flash | case |
| 29 | flash | flash | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 counting | obl |
| 30 | to | to | ADP | _ | 31 bang | case |
| 31 | bang | bang | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 flash | conj |
| 32 | tells | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 reaches | conj |
| 33 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 32 tells | obj |
| 34 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 35 far | advmod |
| 35 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 32 tells | ccomp |
| 36 | away | away | ADV | _ | 35 far | advmod |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 lightning | det |
| 38 | lightning | lightning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 far | nsubj |
| 39 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 far | cop |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 reaches | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | reach | present | Light | you | instantly property | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent you=Theme | |||
| 2 | travel | present | sound | 1 kilometre | in 3 seconds | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme kilometre=Trajectory | |||
| 3 | count | gerund | flash and bang | vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus | |||||
| 4 | tell speech: assert | present | counting | you | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent you=Recipient | ||||
| 5 | is | present | the lightning | away, far property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:everyday:015-weather-signs.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/15-weather-signs/2/