Why people lie, and what is not a lie, sentence 4
Lots of untrue words are not lies at all: a made-up story everyone knows is made up, an actor playing a villain, a little child's pretend dragon, or «I've told you a million times!» Nobody is being fooled.
Who acts: Lots, everyone, actor, lie · What happens: not be, make up, know, play, tell, fool · To what, where: lies, all, made story, villain, you, Nobody · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Why people lie, and what is not a lie» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lots, everyone, actor, lie), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lots | lot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 lies | nsubj |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 words | case |
| 3 | untrue | untrue | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 words | amod |
| 4 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Lots | nmod |
| 5 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 lies | cop |
| 6 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 7 lies | advmod |
| 7 | lies | lie | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 8 | at | at | ADP | _ | 9 all | case |
| 9 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 7 lies | obl |
| 10 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 7 lies | punct |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 story | det |
| 12 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 15 story | amod |
| 13 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 14 up | punct |
| 14 | up | up | ADP | _ | 12 made | compound:prt |
| 15 | story | story | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 made | nsubj:pass |
| 16 | everyone | everyone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Tot | 17 knows | nsubj |
| 17 | knows | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 story | acl:relcl |
| 18 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 made | aux:pass |
| 19 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 lies | parataxis |
| 20 | up | up | ADP | _ | 19 made | compound:prt |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 actor | punct |
| 22 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 actor | det |
| 23 | actor | actor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 made | obl |
| 24 | playing | play | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 23 actor | acl |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 villain | det |
| 26 | villain | villain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 playing | obj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 dragon | punct |
| 28 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 child | det |
| 29 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 child | amod |
| 30 | child | child | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 dragon | nmod:poss |
| 31 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 30 child | case |
| 32 | pretend | pretend | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 dragon | amod |
| 33 | dragon | dragon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 made | obl |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 told | punct |
| 35 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 39 told | cc |
| 36 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 39 told | punct |
| 37 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 39 told | nsubj |
| 38 | 've | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 39 told | aux |
| 39 | told | tell | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 19 made | conj |
| 40 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 39 told | iobj |
| 41 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 42 million | det |
| 42 | million | million | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 43 times | nummod |
| 43 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 told | obl:unmarked |
| 44 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 39 told | punct |
| 45 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 39 told | punct |
| 46 | Nobody | nobody | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 49 fooled | nsubj:pass |
| 47 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 49 fooled | aux:pass |
| 48 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 49 fooled | aux:pass |
| 49 | fooled | fool | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 lies | parataxis |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 lies | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not is a | present | Lots of untrue words | lies | all | tree rules | |||
| 2 | make up | participle | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 3 | know | present | everyone | a made story not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer story=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | make up | present · passive | a made story | a actor obl; a little child's pretend dragon obl | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Pivot | ||||
| 5 | play | gerund | a actor not said here | a villain | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent villain=Theme | ||||
| 6 | tell speech: assert in a quote | present · perfect | a lie = lie | you | time | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent you=Recipient | |||
| 7 | fool | present · passive | Nobody | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:everyday:195-why-people-lie.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R4-particle ×1, R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/195-why-people-lie/4/