Telling when someone may be lying, sentence 4
Many untrue stories are not lies: memory fills its gaps by guessing, so two honest people can remember the same fight differently.
Who acts: Many untrue stories, memory, two honest people · What happens: not be, fill, guess, remember · To what, where: lies, gaps, same fight
This is a sentence of the lesson «Telling when someone may be lying» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many untrue stories, memory, two honest people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 stories | amod |
| 2 | untrue | untrue | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 stories | amod |
| 3 | stories | story | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 lies | nsubj |
| 4 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 lies | cop |
| 5 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 6 lies | advmod |
| 6 | lies | lie | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 7 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 9 fills | punct |
| 8 | memory | memory | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 fills | nsubj |
| 9 | fills | fill | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 lies | parataxis |
| 10 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 gaps | nmod:poss |
| 11 | gaps | gap | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 fills | obj |
| 12 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 13 guessing | mark |
| 13 | guessing | guess | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 9 fills | advcl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 remember | punct |
| 15 | so | so | ADV | _ | 20 remember | advmod |
| 16 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 18 people | nummod |
| 17 | honest | honest | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 people | amod |
| 18 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 remember | nsubj |
| 19 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 20 remember | aux |
| 20 | remember | remember | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 fills | conj |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 fight | det |
| 22 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 fight | amod |
| 23 | fight | fight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 remember | obj |
| 24 | differently | differently | ADV | _ | 20 remember | advmod |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 lies | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed polarity=none
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not is a | present | Many untrue stories | lies | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | fill | present | memory | memory's gaps | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent gap=Patient | ||||
| 3 | guess | gerund | memory not said here | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | remember | can | two honest people | the same fight | differently property | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent fight=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:everyday:198-telling-when-someone-may-be-lying.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/198-telling-when-someone-may-be-lying/4/