Tests, exams and mistakes, sentence 0

When a test is announced, revising (going over what you learned) a little on several different days works better than cramming (trying to learn it all at once) the night before, because spread-out practice helps the brain remember for longer.

Who acts: you, revising, out practice, brain · What happens: announce, revise, go, learn, work, cram · To what, where: test, little, brain

This is a sentence of the lesson «Tests, exams and mistakes» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, revising, out practice, brain), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	When	when	ADV	PronType=Int	5 announced	advmod
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 test	det
3	test	test	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 announced	nsubj:pass
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 announced	aux:pass
5	announced	announce	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	21 works	advcl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 revising	punct
7	revising	revise	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	21 works	csubj
8	(	(	PUNCT	_	9 going	punct
9	going	go	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 revising	advcl
10	over	over	SCONJ	_	13 learned	mark
11	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	13 learned	obj
12	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	13 learned	nsubj
13	learned	learn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 going	ccomp
14	)	)	PUNCT	_	13 learned	punct
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 little	det
16	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 works	obl:unmarked
17	on	on	ADP	_	20 days	case
18	several	several	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 days	amod
19	different	different	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 days	amod
20	days	day	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 little	obl
21	works	work	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
22	better	good	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	21 works	xcomp
23	than	than	SCONJ	_	24 cramming	mark
24	cramming	cram	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	22 better	advcl
25	(	(	PUNCT	_	26 trying	punct
26	trying	try	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	24 cramming	conj
27	to	to	PART	_	28 learn	mark
28	learn	learn	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	26 trying	xcomp
29	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	28 learn	obj
30	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	29 it	nmod:unmarked
31	at	at	ADP	_	32 once	case
32	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	28 learn	advmod
33	)	)	PUNCT	_	32 once	punct
34	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	35 night	det
35	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	36 before	obl:unmarked
36	before	before	ADV	_	32 once	advmod
37	,	,	PUNCT	_	43 helps	punct
38	because	because	SCONJ	_	43 helps	mark
39	spread	spread	NOUN	Number=Sing	41 out	compound
40	-	-	PUNCT	_	39 spread	punct
41	out	out	NOUN	Number=Sing	42 practice	compound
42	practice	practice	NOUN	Number=Sing	43 helps	nsubj
43	helps	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 works	advcl
44	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	45 brain	det
45	brain	brain	NOUN	Number=Sing	43 helps	obj
46	remember	remember	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	43 helps	xcomp
47	for	for	ADP	_	48 longer	case
48	longer	long	ADV	Degree=Cmp	46 remember	obl
49	.	.	PUNCT	_	21 works	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	announce speech: other	present · passive		a test		vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	revise	gerund				vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent
3	go	gerund				vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
4	learn	past	you			vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Topic
5	work	present	revising	a little	good property	vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
6	cram	gerund	revising not said here			vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
7	try	gerund	revising not said here			vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
8	learn not said to happen	to-infinitive	revising not said here	test	once property	vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic
9	help	present	out practice	the brain		vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent brain=Beneficiary clause=Theme
10	remember	infinitive	the brain not said here			vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:everyday:255-tests-exams-and-mistakes.lesson:0.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/255-tests-exams-and-mistakes/0/