Prices, change, borrowing and lending, sentence 2
A loan is money you borrow and must pay back, often with extra called interest, so adults borrow carefully; borrowing from a parent and paying it back from pocket money is a small loan that teaches what debt means.
Who acts: loan, you, adults, small loan, debt · What happens: be, borrow, pay back, call, teach, mean · To what, where: money, loan, pocket money, small loan · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Prices, change, borrowing and lending» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (loan, you, adults, small loan), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 loan | det |
| 2 | loan | loan | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 money | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 money | cop |
| 4 | money | money | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 loan | parataxis |
| 5 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 6 borrow | nsubj |
| 6 | borrow | borrow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 money | acl:relcl |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 pay | cc |
| 8 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 9 pay | aux |
| 9 | pay | pay | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 borrow | conj |
| 10 | back | back | ADV | _ | 9 pay | advmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 interest | punct |
| 12 | often | often | ADV | _ | 16 interest | advmod |
| 13 | with | with | ADP | _ | 16 interest | case |
| 14 | extra | extra | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 interest | amod |
| 15 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 interest | amod |
| 16 | interest | interest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 pay | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 borrow | punct |
| 18 | so | so | ADV | _ | 20 borrow | advmod |
| 19 | adults | adult | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 borrow | nsubj |
| 20 | borrow | borrow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 pay | conj |
| 21 | carefully | carefully | ADV | _ | 20 borrow | advmod |
| 22 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 23 borrowing | punct |
| 23 | borrowing | borrow | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 20 borrow | advcl |
| 24 | from | from | ADP | _ | 26 parent | case |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 parent | det |
| 26 | parent | parent | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 borrowing | obl |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 paying | cc |
| 28 | paying | pay | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 23 borrowing | conj |
| 29 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 paying | obj |
| 30 | back | back | ADV | _ | 28 paying | advmod |
| 31 | from | from | ADP | _ | 33 money | case |
| 32 | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 money | compound | ||
| 33 | money | money | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 paying | obl |
| 34 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 37 loan | cop |
| 35 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 37 loan | det |
| 36 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 loan | amod |
| 37 | loan | loan | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 38 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 39 teaches | nsubj |
| 39 | teaches | teach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 37 loan | acl:relcl |
| 40 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 42 means | obj |
| 41 | debt | debt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 means | nsubj |
| 42 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 39 teaches | ccomp |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 money | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | a loan | money | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | borrow | present | you | money not said here | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Theme | ||||
| 3 | pay back | must | you not said here | with extra called interest | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | call | participle | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 5 | borrow | present | adults | carefully property | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 6 | borrow | gerund | adults not said here | from a parent | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent from parent=Source | ||||
| 7 | pay back | gerund | adults not said here | loan | pocket money | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Asset | |||
| 8 | is a | present | a small loan | tree rules | |||||
| 9 | teach speech: other | present | a small loan | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 10 | mean | present | debt | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:everyday:262-prices-change-and-borrowing.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/262-prices-change-and-borrowing/2/