Traffic lights, crossings and road signs, sentence 2
Road signs and markings are a language: red circles usually give orders or say no, give way or yield means let others go first, and lines on the road show where cars stop and where they may not park.
Who acts: Road signs, red circles, others, lines, cars · What happens: be, give, say, mean, let, go · To what, where: language, orders, way · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Traffic lights, crossings and road signs» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Road signs, red circles, others, lines), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Road | road | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 signs | compound |
| 2 | signs | sign | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 language | nsubj |
| 3 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 markings | cc |
| 4 | markings | marking | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 signs | conj |
| 5 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 language | cop |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 language | det |
| 7 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 8 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 12 give | punct |
| 9 | red | red | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 circles | amod |
| 10 | circles | circle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 give | nsubj |
| 11 | usually | usually | ADV | _ | 12 give | advmod |
| 12 | give | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 language | parataxis |
| 13 | orders | order | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 give | obj |
| 14 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 15 say | cc |
| 15 | say | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 give | conj |
| 16 | no | no | INTJ | Polarity=Neg | 15 say | discourse |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 give | punct |
| 18 | give | give | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 say | conj |
| 19 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 give | obj |
| 20 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 21 yield | cc |
| 21 | yield | yield | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 way | conj |
| 22 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 give | ccomp |
| 23 | let | let | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 means | ccomp |
| 24 | others | other | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 go | nsubj |
| 25 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 23 let | xcomp |
| 26 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 25 go | advmod |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 show | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 lines | cc |
| 29 | lines | line | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 show | nsubj |
| 30 | on | on | ADP | _ | 32 road | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 road | det |
| 32 | road | road | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 lines | nmod |
| 33 | show | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 give | conj |
| 34 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 36 stop | advmod |
| 35 | cars | car | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 stop | nsubj |
| 36 | stop | stop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 33 show | ccomp |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 42 park | cc |
| 38 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 42 park | advmod |
| 39 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 42 park | nsubj |
| 40 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 42 park | aux |
| 41 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 42 park | advmod |
| 42 | park | park | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 36 stop | conj |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 language | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Road signs and markings | a language | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | give | present | red circles | orders | usually property | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent order=Theme | |||
| 3 | say speech: assert | present | red circles not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | give | infinitive | red circles not said here | way or yield | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | mean | present | red circles not said here | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 6 | let | infinitive | tree rules | ||||||
| 7 | go | infinitive | others | first property | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 8 | show | present | lines on the road | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 9 | stop | present | cars | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | |||||
| 10 | not park | may | cars = car | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:everyday:267-traffic-lights-and-signs.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/267-traffic-lights-and-signs/2/