Lifting and carrying heavy things, sentence 4
If something is too heavy, ask an adult or a friend to help, or use a trolley; a girl in Phoenix moving a big bag of soil asks her dad to take one end instead of dragging it alone.
Who acts: something, you, girl · What happens: be, ask, help, use, move, take · To what, where: adult, trolley, big bag, dad, one end, end
This is a sentence of the lesson «Lifting and carrying heavy things» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (something, you, girl), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | If | if | SCONJ | _ | 5 heavy | mark |
| 2 | something | something | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 5 heavy | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 heavy | cop |
| 4 | too | too | ADV | _ | 5 heavy | advmod |
| 5 | heavy | heavy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 ask | advcl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 heavy | punct |
| 7 | ask | ask | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 adult | det |
| 9 | adult | adult | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 ask | obj |
| 10 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 12 friend | cc |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 friend | det |
| 12 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 adult | conj |
| 13 | to | to | PART | _ | 14 help | mark |
| 14 | help | help | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 ask | xcomp |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 use | punct |
| 16 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 17 use | cc |
| 17 | use | use | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 help | conj |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 trolley | det |
| 19 | trolley | trolley | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 use | obj |
| 20 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 31 asks | punct |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 girl | det |
| 22 | girl | girl | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 asks | nsubj |
| 23 | in | in | ADP | _ | 24 Phoenix | case |
| 24 | Phoenix | Phoenix | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 girl | nmod |
| 25 | moving | move | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 22 girl | acl |
| 26 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 bag | det |
| 27 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 bag | amod |
| 28 | bag | bag | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 moving | obj |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 soil | case |
| 30 | soil | soil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 bag | nmod |
| 31 | asks | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 ask | parataxis |
| 32 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 33 dad | nmod:poss |
| 33 | dad | dad | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 asks | obj |
| 34 | to | to | PART | _ | 35 take | mark |
| 35 | take | take | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 31 asks | xcomp |
| 36 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 37 end | nummod |
| 37 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 take | obj |
| 38 | instead | instead | ADV | ExtPos=SCONJ | 40 dragging | mark |
| 39 | of | of | ADP | _ | 38 instead | fixed |
| 40 | dragging | drag | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 35 take | advcl |
| 41 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 40 dragging | obj |
| 42 | alone | alone | ADV | _ | 40 dragging | advmod |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 ask | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a condition, not said to happen | present | something | heavy property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | ask speech: ask | imperative | you not said here | a adult or a friend | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S_INF»: agent=Agent adult=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 3 | help not said to happen | to-infinitive | you not said here | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | use | infinitive | you not said here | a trolley | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trolley=Patient | ||||
| 5 | move | gerund | a girl in Phoenix not said here | a big bag of soil | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent bag=Theme | ||||
| 6 | ask speech: ask | present | a girl in Phoenix | girl's dad | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S_INF»: agent=Agent dad=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 7 | take not said to happen | to-infinitive | a girl in Phoenix not said here | one end | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent end=Theme | ||||
| 8 | drag | gerund | a girl in Phoenix not said here | end | alone property | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:everyday:003-lifting-and-carrying.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/3-lifting-and-carrying/4/