Lifting and carrying heavy things, sentence 6
A girl in Sydney carried a huge backpack on one shoulder every day for months; her shoulder and back began to ache, and the school nurse helped her pack it lighter and wear both straps.
Who acts: girl, shoulder, school nurse · What happens: carry, begin, ache, help, pack, wear · To what, where: huge backpack, one shoulder, girl, back, straps
This is a sentence of the lesson «Lifting and carrying heavy things» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (girl, shoulder, school nurse), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 girl | det |
| 2 | girl | girl | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 carried | nsubj |
| 3 | in | in | ADP | _ | 4 Sydney | case |
| 4 | Sydney | Sydney | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 girl | nmod |
| 5 | carried | carry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 backpack | det |
| 7 | huge | huge | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 backpack | amod |
| 8 | backpack | backpack | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 carried | obj |
| 9 | on | on | ADP | _ | 11 shoulder | case |
| 10 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 11 shoulder | nummod |
| 11 | shoulder | shoulder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 carried | obl |
| 12 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 13 day | det |
| 13 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 carried | obl:unmarked |
| 14 | for | for | ADP | _ | 15 months | case |
| 15 | months | month | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 carried | obl |
| 16 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 18 shoulder | punct |
| 17 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 shoulder | nmod:poss |
| 18 | shoulder | shoulder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 began | nsubj |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 back | cc |
| 20 | back | back | NOUN | _ | 18 shoulder | conj |
| 21 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 carried | parataxis |
| 22 | to | to | PART | _ | 23 ache | mark |
| 23 | ache | ache | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 began | xcomp |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 helped | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 helped | cc |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 nurse | det |
| 27 | school | school | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 nurse | compound |
| 28 | nurse | nurse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 helped | nsubj |
| 29 | helped | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 carried | conj |
| 30 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 helped | obj |
| 31 | pack | pack | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 29 helped | xcomp |
| 32 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 pack | obj |
| 33 | lighter | light | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 31 pack | xcomp |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 wear | cc |
| 35 | wear | wear | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 31 pack | conj |
| 36 | both | both | DET | PronType=Tot | 37 straps | det |
| 37 | straps | strap | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 wear | obj |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 carried | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | carry | past | a girl in Sydney | a huge backpack | one shoulder | day; month | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent backpack=Theme | ||
| 2 | begin | past | girl's shoulder and back | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 3 | ache | to-infinitive | girl's shoulder and back not said here | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 4 | help | past | the school nurse | girl | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent she=Beneficiary clause=Theme | ||||
| 5 | pack | infinitive | girl not said here | back | light property | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent it=Theme | |||
| 6 | wear | infinitive | girl not said here | both straps | vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent strap=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:everyday:003-lifting-and-carrying.lesson:6.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/3-lifting-and-carrying/6/