Thinking like an animal, sentence 2
Prey animals such as horses, cows and rabbits survive by noticing danger and escaping, so a sudden noise or a shape they cannot see can make them bolt, kick or bite in fright.
Who acts: Prey animals, Animals, sudden noise · What happens: survive, notice, escape, not see, make, bolt · To what, where: danger, shape, Animals, fright
This is a sentence of the lesson «Thinking like an animal» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Prey animals, Animals, sudden noise), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Prey | prey | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 animals | compound |
| 2 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 survive | nsubj |
| 3 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP | 5 horses | case |
| 4 | as | as | ADP | _ | 3 such | fixed |
| 5 | horses | horse | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 animals | nmod |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 cows | punct |
| 7 | cows | cow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 horses | conj |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 rabbits | cc |
| 9 | rabbits | rabbit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 horses | conj |
| 10 | survive | survive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 12 noticing | mark |
| 12 | noticing | notice | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 10 survive | advcl |
| 13 | danger | danger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 noticing | obj |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 escaping | cc |
| 15 | escaping | escape | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 12 noticing | conj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 noise | punct |
| 17 | so | so | ADV | _ | 20 noise | advmod |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 noise | det |
| 19 | sudden | sudden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 noise | amod |
| 20 | noise | noise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 make | nsubj |
| 21 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 23 shape | cc |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 shape | det |
| 23 | shape | shape | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 noise | conj |
| 24 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 see | nsubj |
| 25 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 27 see | aux |
| 26 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 27 see | advmod |
| 27 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 23 shape | acl:relcl |
| 28 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 29 make | aux |
| 29 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 survive | conj |
| 30 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 make | obj |
| 31 | bolt | bolt | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 29 make | xcomp |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 kick | punct |
| 33 | kick | kick | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 31 bolt | conj |
| 34 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 35 bite | cc |
| 35 | bite | bite | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 31 bolt | conj |
| 36 | in | in | ADP | _ | 37 fright | case |
| 37 | fright | fright | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 bite | obl |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 survive | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | survive | present | Prey animals such horses and cows and rabbits | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | notice | gerund | Prey animals such horses and cows and rabbits not said here | danger | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer danger=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | escape | gerund | Prey animals such horses and cows and rabbits not said here | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | not see | can | Animals = animal | a shape not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer shape=Stimulus | ||||
| 5 | make | can | a sudden noise or a shape | Animals = animal | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | bolt | infinitive | Animals = animal not said here | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 7 | kick | infinitive | Animals = animal not said here | vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 8 | bite | infinitive | Animals = animal not said here | fright | vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in fright=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:everyday:030-thinking-like-an-animal.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/30-thinking-like-an-animal/2/