Crossing the road, sentence 0
A car needs time and distance to stop, and its driver may not see a small child, so before crossing you always stop at the kerb, look and listen until the road is clear.
Who acts: car, driver, you, road · What happens: need, stop, not see, cross, look, listen · To what, where: small child, kerb
This is a sentence of the lesson «Crossing the road» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (car, driver, you, road), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 car | det |
| 2 | car | car | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 needs | nsubj |
| 3 | needs | need | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 needs | obj |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 distance | cc |
| 6 | distance | distance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 time | conj |
| 7 | to | to | PART | _ | 8 stop | mark |
| 8 | stop | stop | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 time | acl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 see | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 see | cc |
| 11 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 driver | nmod:poss |
| 12 | driver | driver | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 see | nsubj |
| 13 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 15 see | aux |
| 14 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 15 see | advmod |
| 15 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 needs | conj |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 child | det |
| 17 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 child | amod |
| 18 | child | child | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 see | obj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 look | punct |
| 20 | so | so | ADV | _ | 30 look | advmod |
| 21 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 22 crossing | mark |
| 22 | crossing | cross | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 25 stop | advcl |
| 23 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 25 stop | nsubj |
| 24 | always | always | ADV | PronType=Tot | 25 stop | advmod |
| 25 | stop | stop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 look | advcl |
| 26 | at | at | ADP | _ | 28 kerb | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 kerb | det |
| 28 | kerb | kerb | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 stop | obl |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 crossing | punct |
| 30 | look | look | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 15 see | parataxis |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 listen | cc |
| 32 | listen | listen | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 30 look | conj |
| 33 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 37 clear | mark |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 road | det |
| 35 | road | road | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 clear | nsubj |
| 36 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 37 clear | cop |
| 37 | clear | clear | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 listen | advcl |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 needs | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | need | present | a car | time | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot | ||||
| 2 | stop | to-infinitive | a car not said here | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | |||||
| 3 | not see | may | car's driver | a small child | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer child=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | cross | gerund | you not said here | vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | stop | present | you | the kerb | always property | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at kerb=Location | |||
| 6 | look | infinitive | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | ||||||
| 7 | listen | infinitive | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 8 | is | present | the road | clear property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:everyday:041-crossing-the-road.lesson:0.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/41-crossing-the-road/0/