Gift cards and birthday money: making it last, sentence 9
Kai earned his gift card himself, selling old toys at a car boot sale (a market where people sell old things from their cars) on a freezing Sunday, and because he remembered the cold, he spent it far more carefully than any birthday money before.
Who acts: Kai, people · What happens: earn, sell, remember, spend · To what, where: gift card, old toys, boot sale, old things, cars, cold
This is a sentence of the lesson «Gift cards and birthday money: making it last» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kai, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kai | Kai | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 earned | nsubj |
| 2 | earned | earn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 card | nmod:poss |
| 4 | gift | gift | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 card | compound |
| 5 | card | card | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 earned | obj |
| 6 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 2 earned | obl:unmarked |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 selling | punct |
| 8 | selling | sell | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 earned | advcl |
| 9 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 toys | amod |
| 10 | toys | toy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 selling | obj |
| 11 | at | at | ADP | _ | 15 sale | case |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 sale | det |
| 13 | car | car | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 boot | compound |
| 14 | boot | boot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 sale | compound |
| 15 | sale | sale | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 selling | obl |
| 16 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 18 market | punct |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 market | det |
| 18 | market | market | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 sale | appos |
| 19 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 21 sell | advmod |
| 20 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 sell | nsubj |
| 21 | sell | sell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 market | acl:relcl |
| 22 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 things | amod |
| 23 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 sell | obj |
| 24 | from | from | ADP | _ | 26 cars | case |
| 25 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 26 cars | nmod:poss |
| 26 | cars | car | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 sell | obl |
| 27 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 26 cars | punct |
| 28 | on | on | ADP | _ | 31 Sunday | case |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 31 Sunday | det |
| 30 | freezing | freezing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 Sunday | compound |
| 31 | Sunday | Sunday | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 sell | obl |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 spent | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 spent | cc |
| 34 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 36 remembered | mark |
| 35 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 remembered | nsubj |
| 36 | remembered | remember | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 41 spent | advcl |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 cold | det |
| 38 | cold | cold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 remembered | obj |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 remembered | punct |
| 40 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 41 spent | nsubj |
| 41 | spent | spend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 earned | conj |
| 42 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 41 spent | obj |
| 43 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 44 more | advmod |
| 44 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 45 carefully | advmod |
| 45 | carefully | carefully | ADV | _ | 41 spent | advmod |
| 46 | than | than | ADP | _ | 49 money | case |
| 47 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 49 money | det |
| 48 | birthday | birthday | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 money | compound |
| 49 | money | money | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 spent | obl |
| 50 | before | before | ADV | _ | 49 money | advmod |
| 51 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 earned | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed polarity=none
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | earn | past | Kai | Kai's gift card | Kai obl:unmarked | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent card=Theme | |||
| 2 | sell | gerund | Kai not said here | old toys | a boot sale | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent toy=Theme at sale=Asset | |||
| 3 | sell | present | people | old things | cards's cars | sunday | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Theme | ||
| 4 | remember | past | Kai | the cold | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent cold=Theme | ||||
| 5 | spend | past | Kai | cold | than any birthday money; carefully property | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Asset |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:everyday:415-gift-cards-and-birthday-money.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×5, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/415-gift-cards-and-birthday-money/9/