The favourite, the black sheep, covering for each other and hand-me-downs, sentence 24
In Edinburgh, Hamish and Isla-Mae hardly spoke, until their dad got ill last year; Isla-Mae started making Hamish toast and helping with homework.
Who acts: Hamish, dad, Isla Mae · What happens: speak, get, start, make, help · To what, where: Edinburgh, Hamish toast · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «The favourite, the black sheep, covering for each other and hand-me-downs» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hamish, dad, Isla Mae), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 2 Edinburgh | case |
| 2 | Edinburgh | Edinburgh | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 spoke | obl |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 Hamish | punct |
| 4 | Hamish | Hamish | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 spoke | nsubj |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 Hamish | cc |
| 6 | Isla | Isla | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 Mae | compound |
| 7 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 6 Isla | punct |
| 8 | Mae | Mae | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 Hamish | conj |
| 9 | hardly | hardly | ADV | _ | 10 spoke | advmod |
| 10 | spoke | speak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 got | punct |
| 12 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 15 got | mark |
| 13 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 dad | nmod:poss |
| 14 | dad | dad | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 got | nsubj |
| 15 | got | get | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 spoke | advcl |
| 16 | ill | ill | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 got | xcomp |
| 17 | last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 year | amod |
| 18 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 got | obl:unmarked |
| 19 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 23 started | punct |
| 20 | Isla | Isla | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 Mae | compound |
| 21 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 20 Isla | punct |
| 22 | Mae | Mae | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 started | nsubj |
| 23 | started | start | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 spoke | parataxis |
| 24 | making | make | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 23 started | xcomp |
| 25 | Hamish | Hamish | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 toast | compound |
| 26 | toast | toast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 making | obj |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 helping | cc |
| 28 | helping | help | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 24 making | conj |
| 29 | with | with | ADP | _ | 30 homework | case |
| 30 | homework | homework | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 helping | obl |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 spoke | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | speak speech: other | past | Hamish and Isla Mae | Edinburgh | hardly property | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||
| 2 | get | past | Hamish's dad | year | ill property | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer | |||
| 3 | start | past | Isla Mae | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 4 | make | gerund | Isla Mae not said here | Hamish toast | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset toast=Product | ||||
| 5 | help | gerund | Isla Mae not said here | with homework | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with homework=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:everyday:509-the-favourite-the-black-sheep-covering-and-hand-me-downs.lesson:24.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/509-the-favourite-the-black-sheep-covering-and-hand-me-downs/24/