Allergies, horses and farm animals, sentence 3
Horses startle at sudden noise, cows protect their calves from dogs, and a bull can be very dangerous, so in the countryside you respect fences, follow the farmer's rules and keep your distance.
Who acts: Horses, cows, bull, you, farmer · What happens: startle, protect, be, respect, follow, keep · To what, where: sudden noise, calves, fences, countryside, rules, distance
This is a sentence of the lesson «Allergies, horses and farm animals» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Horses, cows, bull, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Horses | horse | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 startle | nsubj |
| 2 | startle | startle | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 follow | parataxis |
| 3 | at | at | ADP | _ | 5 noise | case |
| 4 | sudden | sudden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 noise | amod |
| 5 | noise | noise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 startle | obl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 protect | punct |
| 7 | cows | cow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 protect | nsubj |
| 8 | protect | protect | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 startle | conj |
| 9 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 calves | nmod:poss |
| 10 | calves | calf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 protect | obj |
| 11 | from | from | ADP | _ | 12 dogs | case |
| 12 | dogs | dog | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 protect | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 dangerous | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 dangerous | cc |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 bull | det |
| 16 | bull | bull | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 dangerous | nsubj |
| 17 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 20 dangerous | aux |
| 18 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 20 dangerous | cop |
| 19 | very | very | ADV | _ | 20 dangerous | advmod |
| 20 | dangerous | dangerous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 protect | conj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 respect | punct |
| 22 | so | so | ADV | _ | 27 respect | advmod |
| 23 | in | in | ADP | _ | 25 countryside | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 countryside | det |
| 25 | countryside | countryside | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 respect | obl |
| 26 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 27 respect | nsubj |
| 27 | respect | respect | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 protect | parataxis |
| 28 | fences | fence | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 respect | obj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 follow | punct |
| 30 | follow | follow | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 farmer | det |
| 32 | farmer | farmer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 rules | nmod:poss |
| 33 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 32 farmer | case |
| 34 | rules | rule | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 follow | obj |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 keep | cc |
| 36 | keep | keep | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 30 follow | conj |
| 37 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 38 distance | nmod:poss |
| 38 | distance | distance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 keep | obj |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 startle | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | startle | present | Horses | sudden noise | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 2 | protect | present | cows | cows's calves | from dogs | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent calf=Beneficiary from dog=Theme | |||
| 3 | is | can | a bull | dangerous property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | respect | present | you | fences | the countryside | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer fence=Stimulus | |||
| 5 | follow | imperative | you not said here | the farmer's rules | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Theme | ||||
| 6 | keep | infinitive | you not said here | your distance | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent distance=Theme | ||||
| 7 | rule | the farmer | nom rule «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:everyday:067-allergies-horses-and-farm-animals.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/67-allergies-horses-and-farm-animals/3/