Swimming basics and water confidence, sentence 4
If someone else is in trouble, do not jump in after them: call for help, then reach out with a stick or throw them something that floats; a boy in Sydney throws a body board to his sister and shouts to the lifeguard.
Who acts: someone, you, boy · What happens: be, not jump in, call, reach out, throw, float · To what, where: trouble, something, arms, body board, sister, lifeguard · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Swimming basics and water confidence» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (someone, you, boy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | If | if | SCONJ | _ | 6 trouble | mark |
| 2 | someone | someone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 6 trouble | nsubj |
| 3 | else | else | ADV | _ | 2 someone | advmod |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 trouble | cop |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 trouble | case |
| 6 | trouble | trouble | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 jump | advcl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 trouble | punct |
| 8 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 10 jump | aux |
| 9 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 10 jump | advmod |
| 10 | jump | jump | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | in | in | ADV | _ | 10 jump | advmod |
| 12 | after | after | ADP | _ | 13 them | case |
| 13 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 jump | obl |
| 14 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 15 call | punct |
| 15 | call | call | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 10 jump | parataxis |
| 16 | for | for | ADP | _ | 17 help | case |
| 17 | help | help | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 call | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 reach | punct |
| 19 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 20 reach | advmod |
| 20 | reach | reach | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 15 call | conj |
| 21 | out | out | ADP | _ | 20 reach | compound:prt |
| 22 | with | with | ADP | _ | 24 stick | case |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 stick | det |
| 24 | stick | stick | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 reach | obl |
| 25 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 26 throw | cc |
| 26 | throw | throw | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 20 reach | conj |
| 27 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 throw | iobj |
| 28 | something | something | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 26 throw | obj |
| 29 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 30 floats | nsubj |
| 30 | floats | float | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 something | acl:relcl |
| 31 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 36 throws | punct |
| 32 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 33 boy | det |
| 33 | boy | boy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 throws | nsubj |
| 34 | in | in | ADP | _ | 35 Sydney | case |
| 35 | Sydney | Sydney | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 boy | nmod |
| 36 | throws | throw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 jump | parataxis |
| 37 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 39 board | det |
| 38 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 board | compound |
| 39 | board | board | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 throws | obj |
| 40 | to | to | ADP | _ | 42 sister | case |
| 41 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 42 sister | nmod:poss |
| 42 | sister | sister | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 throws | obl |
| 43 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 shouts | cc |
| 44 | shouts | shout | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 36 throws | conj |
| 45 | to | to | ADP | _ | 47 lifeguard | case |
| 46 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 lifeguard | det |
| 47 | lifeguard | lifeguard | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 shouts | obl |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 jump | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a condition, not said to happen | present | someone | trouble | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | not jump in | imperative · do-support | you not said here | after arms = arm | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | call | infinitive | for help | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient S_INF»: agent=Agent for help=Recipient | |||||
| 4 | reach out | infinitive | then | with a stick | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | throw | infinitive | something | arms = arm | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent they=Destination something=Theme | ||||
| 6 | float | present | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 7 | throw | present | a boy in Sydney | a body board | boy's sister | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent board=Theme to sister=Destination | |||
| 8 | shout speech: express | present | a boy in Sydney not said here | the lifeguard | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to lifeguard=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:everyday:007-swimming-and-water.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/7-swimming-and-water/4/