Silent letters: why French doesn't say everything it writes, sentence 13
deux means two and sounds like "duh" said with rounded lips; the x is silent.
Who acts: deux, x · What happens: mean, sound, say, round, be · To what, where: two · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Silent letters: why French doesn't say everything it writes» of the french course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (deux, x), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | deux | deux | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 means | nsubj |
| 2 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 2 means | obj |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 sounds | cc |
| 5 | sounds | sound | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 means | conj |
| 6 | like | like | ADP | _ | 8 duh | case |
| 7 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 duh | punct |
| 8 | duh | duh | INTJ | _ | 10 said | discourse |
| 9 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 duh | punct |
| 10 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 sounds | parataxis |
| 11 | with | with | ADP | _ | 13 lips | case |
| 12 | rounded | round | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 lips | amod |
| 13 | lips | lip | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 said | obl |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 18 silent | punct |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 x | det |
| 16 | x | x | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 silent | nsubj |
| 17 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 silent | cop |
| 18 | silent | silent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 means | conj |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 means | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed form=decl, act=assert, voice=narrator
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mean | present | deux | two | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent two=Topic | ||||
| 2 | sound | present | deux not said here | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | |||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | past | with rounded lips | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent with lip=Manner | |||||
| 4 | round | participle | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 5 | is | present | the x | silent property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:french:001-silent-letters-why-french-doesnt-say-everything-it-writes.lesson:13.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/1-silent-letters-why-french-doesnt-say-everything-it-writes/13/