Silent letters: why French doesn't say everything it writes, sentence 18
Slang in this lesson: "plonker" (UK) is a silly person; "our kid" (North of England) means my brother or sister; "ken" (Scotland) means "you know"; "sus" means odd or suspicious; "bruv" means mate.
Who acts: plonker, kid, ken, you, sus, bruv · What happens: be, mean, know · To what, where: silly person, brother, mate · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Silent letters: why French doesn't say everything it writes» of the french course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (plonker, kid, ken, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Slang | slang | NOUN | _ | root | root |
| 2 | in | in | ADP | _ | 4 lesson | case |
| 3 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 4 lesson | det |
| 4 | lesson | lesson | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Slang | obl |
| 5 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 7 plonker | punct |
| 6 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 plonker | punct |
| 7 | plonker | plonker | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 person | nsubj |
| 8 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 plonker | punct |
| 9 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 10 UK | punct |
| 10 | UK | UK | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 person | appos |
| 11 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 10 UK | punct |
| 12 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 person | cop |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 person | det |
| 14 | silly | silly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 person | amod |
| 15 | person | person | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Slang | parataxis |
| 16 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 26 means | punct |
| 17 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 19 kid | punct |
| 18 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 kid | nmod:poss |
| 19 | kid | kid | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 means | nsubj |
| 20 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 19 kid | punct |
| 21 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 22 North | punct |
| 22 | North | North | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 kid | appos |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 England | case |
| 24 | England | England | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 North | nmod |
| 25 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 22 North | punct |
| 26 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 Slang | parataxis |
| 27 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 28 brother | nmod:poss |
| 28 | brother | brother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 means | obj |
| 29 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 30 sister | cc |
| 30 | sister | sister | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 brother | conj |
| 31 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 38 means | punct |
| 32 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 33 ken | punct |
| 33 | ken | Ken | PROPN | Number=Sing | 38 means | nsubj |
| 34 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 33 ken | punct |
| 35 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 36 Scotland | punct |
| 36 | Scotland | Scotland | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 ken | appos |
| 37 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 36 Scotland | punct |
| 38 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 means | conj |
| 39 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 41 know | punct |
| 40 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 41 know | nsubj |
| 41 | know | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 38 means | ccomp |
| 42 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 41 know | punct |
| 43 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 47 means | punct |
| 44 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 45 sus | punct |
| 45 | sus | sus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 means | nsubj |
| 46 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 45 sus | punct |
| 47 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 38 means | parataxis |
| 48 | odd | odd | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 47 means | xcomp |
| 49 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 50 suspicious | cc |
| 50 | suspicious | suspicious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 48 odd | conj |
| 51 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 55 means | punct |
| 52 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 53 bruv | punct |
| 53 | bruv | bruv | NOUN | Number=Sing | 55 means | nsubj |
| 54 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 53 bruv | punct |
| 55 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 47 means | parataxis |
| 56 | mate | mate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 55 means | obj |
| 57 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Slang | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | plonker | a silly person | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | mean | present | our kid | my brother or sister | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent brother=Topic | ||||
| 3 | mean | present | ken | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | know in a quote | present | you | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 5 | mean | present | sus | odd property | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 6 | mean | present | bruv | mate | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mate=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:french:001-silent-letters-why-french-doesnt-say-everything-it-writes.lesson:18.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/1-silent-letters-why-french-doesnt-say-everything-it-writes/18/