Plurals: les, des and silent s, sentence 1
You hear the plural in the little word in front instead: le chat sounds "luh SHA", les chats sounds "lay SHA", and des chats, "day SHA", means "some cats".
Who acts: You, le chat, SHA, chats · What happens: hear, sound, lay, mean · To what, where: plural, SHA, cats
This is a sentence of the lesson «Plurals: les, des and silent s» of the french course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (You, le chat, SHA, chats), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | You | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 2 hear | nsubj |
| 2 | hear | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 sounds | advcl |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 plural | det |
| 4 | plural | plural | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 hear | obj |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 word | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 word | det |
| 7 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 word | amod |
| 8 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 plural | obl |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 front | case |
| 10 | front | front | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 word | nmod |
| 11 | instead | instead | ADV | _ | 2 hear | advmod |
| 12 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 15 sounds | punct |
| 13 | le | Le | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 chat | compound |
| 14 | chat | chat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 sounds | nsubj |
| 15 | sounds | sound | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 hear | parataxis |
| 16 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 18 SHA | punct |
| 17 | luh | luh | INTJ | _ | 18 SHA | discourse |
| 18 | SHA | SHA | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 sounds | nsubj |
| 19 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 18 SHA | punct |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 chats | punct |
| 21 | les | le | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 chats | det |
| 22 | chats | chat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 sounds | nsubj |
| 23 | sounds | sound | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 24 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 25 lay | punct |
| 25 | lay | lay | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 23 sounds | xcomp |
| 26 | SHA | SHA | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 lay | obj |
| 27 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 25 lay | punct |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 chats | punct |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 chats | cc |
| 30 | des | des | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 31 chats | det |
| 31 | chats | chat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 means | nsubj |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 chats | punct |
| 33 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 31 chats | punct |
| 34 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 chats | conj |
| 35 | SHA | SHA | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 day | appos |
| 36 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 35 SHA | punct |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 means | punct |
| 38 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 sounds | parataxis |
| 39 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 41 cats | punct |
| 40 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 41 cats | det |
| 41 | cats | cat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 means | obj |
| 42 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 41 cats | punct |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 hear | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | present | You | the plural | instead property | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer plural=Stimulus | |||
| 2 | sound | present | le chat | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | |||||
| 3 | sound | present | SHA | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | lay in a quote | infinitive | SHA not said here | SHA | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sha=Result | ||||
| 5 | mean | present | des chats and day | some cats | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cat=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:french:026-plurals-les-des-and-silent-s.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/26-plurals-les-des-and-silent-s/1/