Être: to be, sentence 0

Être means "to be", and it is one of the busiest words in French: je suis (I am), tu es (you are), il est and elle est (he is, she is), nous sommes (we are), vous êtes (you are), ils sont and elles sont (they are).

Who acts: Être, it, you, il, elle, French · What happens: mean, be, je, est · To what, where: one, suis, nous sommes · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Être: to be» of the french course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Être, it, you, il), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Être	Être	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 means	nsubj
2	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 be	punct
4	to	to	PART	_	5 be	mark
5	be	be	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 means	xcomp
6	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 be	punct
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 one	punct
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 one	cc
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 one	nsubj
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 one	cop
11	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	2 means	conj
12	of	of	ADP	_	15 words	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 words	det
14	busiest	busy	ADJ	Degree=Sup	15 words	amod
15	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 one	nmod
16	in	in	ADP	_	17 French	case
17	French	French	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 words	nmod
18	:	:	PUNCT	_	19 je	punct
19	je	je	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 means	conj
20	suis	suis	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 je	obj
21	(	(	PUNCT	_	23 am	punct
22	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	23 am	nsubj
23	am	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 je	advcl
24	)	)	PUNCT	_	23 am	punct
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 es	punct
26	tu	tu	ADP	_	27 es	case
27	es	e	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 je	obl
28	(	(	PUNCT	_	30 are	punct
29	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	30 are	nsubj
30	are	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 means	ccomp
31	)	)	PUNCT	_	30 are	punct
32	,	,	PUNCT	_	33 il	punct
33	il	il	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	34 est	nsubj
34	est	est	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 means	parataxis
35	and	and	CCONJ	_	37 est	cc
36	elle	elle	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	37 est	nsubj
37	est	est	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	34 est	conj
38	(	(	PUNCT	_	40 is	punct
39	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	40 is	nsubj
40	is	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 means	conj
41	,	,	PUNCT	_	43 is	punct
42	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	43 is	nsubj
43	is	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 means	parataxis
44	)	)	PUNCT	_	43 is	punct
45	,	,	PUNCT	_	47 sommes	punct
46	nous	nous	NOUN	Number=Sing	47 sommes	compound
47	sommes	somme	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 means	obj
48	(	(	PUNCT	_	50 are	punct
49	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	50 are	nsubj
50	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	47 sommes	advcl:relcl
51	)	)	PUNCT	_	50 are	punct
52	,	,	PUNCT	_	54 êtes	punct
53	vous	vous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	54 êtes	amod
54	êtes	ête	NOUN	Number=Plur	47 sommes	conj
55	(	(	PUNCT	_	57 are	punct
56	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	57 are	nsubj
57	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	54 êtes	advcl:relcl
58	)	)	PUNCT	_	57 are	punct
59	,	,	PUNCT	_	60 ils	punct
60	ils	il	NOUN	Number=Plur	47 sommes	conj
61	sont	sont	NOUN	Number=Sing	64 sont	compound
62	and	and	CCONJ	_	63 elles	cc
63	elles	elle	NOUN	Number=Plur	61 sont	conj
64	sont	sont	NOUN	Number=Sing	60 ils	nmod:unmarked
65	(	(	PUNCT	_	67 are	punct
66	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	67 are	nsubj
67	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	47 sommes	cop
68	)	)	PUNCT	_	67 are	punct
69	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 means	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	mean	present	Être			vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	be not said to happen, in a quote	to-infinitive	Être not said here			vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	is a	present	it	one	of the busiest words in French	tree rules
4	je	infinitive	Être not said here	suis	tu es	tree rules
5	does	present	you			vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
6	est	present	il			tree rules
7	est	present	elle			tree rules
8	be	present	Être = être			vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
9	be	present	French			vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
10	is a	present		nous sommes and vous êtes and ils sont sont		tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:french:028-etre-to-be.lesson:0.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/28-etre-to-be/0/