Geography Maps and the world: scale, directions, latitude and longitude, map projections, time zones, continents and oceans, islands and seas, the countries and capitals of Europe, the British Isles, the United States, the English-speaking world, and the regions of Asia, Africa and the Americas.
The geography course of Mova's primary school: 64 lessons, 1117 sentences, each sentence with its syntax tree and pragmatics. Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 (Mova corpus 0.4).
1 Maps and scale 18 sentences · A map is the world shrunk by the same amount everywhere, so a ruler on paper can still measure real distances. 2 Directions, latitude and longitude 15 sentences · Every place on Earth has an address made of two numbers: latitude, how far north or south of the equator, an… 3 Projections: why Greenland looks huge 16 sentences · Try pressing a piece of orange peel flat: it tears or stretches, and the same happens to the Earth's round s… 4 Time zones and the date line 17 sentences · The Earth turns 360 degrees in 24 hours, 15 degrees an hour, so noon slides westwards around the planet like… 5 Continents and oceans 15 sentences · Look at a globe from below and you see mostly blue: oceans cover about 71 percent of the Earth, and all the… 6 Islands, seas and lakes 17 sentences · An island is land with water all round; the biggest is Greenland, because Australia is counted as a continen… 7 Europe: countries and capitals 17 sentences · Today's map is much simpler, about 44 to 50 countries, and even that number depends on whether you count Rus… 8 The British Isles and the United Kingdom 12 sentences · Start EU5 in 1337 and England and Scotland are rival kingdoms, while England's grip on Ireland barely reache… 9 The United States 14 sentences · But the game's "empty" colonial land was never empty: millions of Native Americans lived there, and disease,… 10 Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland and the rest of the English-speaking world 19 sentences · English spread from one small island to more than 50 countries mainly through trade, settlement and empire,… 11 East, South and South-East Asia: countries and capitals 15 sentences · More than half of all the people on Earth live in Asia, and most of them live in its east, south and south-e… 12 The Middle East and Central Asia 18 sentences · People who live there often prefer names such as South-West Asia and North Africa. 13 Africa: countries and capitals 20 sentences · Africa is a huge continent with 54 countries in the United Nations, more than any other continent, and more… 14 Latin America and the Caribbean 18 sentences · Why do Brazilians speak Portuguese while their neighbours speak Spanish? 15 The Arctic and Antarctica 19 sentences · The two polar regions are opposites: the Arctic, at the top of the world, is a frozen ocean surrounded by la… 16 The great rivers 18 sentences · A great river collects rain from a huge area, called its basin, through thousands of smaller streams called… 17 Mountains and highlands 15 sentences · Most great mountains are pushed up where pieces of the Earth's crust crash together very slowly: India is st… 18 Deserts 16 sentences · A desert is a place where very little rain or snow falls, usually less than about 250 mm a year, so a desert… 19 Straits: Bosporus, Gibraltar, Malacca, Hormuz and the other narrow doors 19 sentences · A strait is a narrow stretch of sea joining two larger bodies of water, like a door between two rooms. 20 Canals: Suez, Panama and the shortcuts 20 sentences · A canal is a waterway dug by people, a shortcut where nature left none. 21 Climate zones and why they are where they are 19 sentences · Sunlight does the same on the round Earth: near the equator it falls almost straight down and heats hard, ne… 22 Winds, monsoons and ocean currents 20 sentences · On a sunny afternoon at the beach the land heats faster than the sea, the warm air over the sand rises, and… 23 Weather, storms and the changing climate 19 sentences · Weather is what the sky is doing right now: a shower on the way to school, a windy afternoon. 24 Population and cities 22 sentences · Imagine everyone on Earth standing in one long queue: about 8.2 billion people today. 25 Languages and peoples on the map 21 sentences · Say "mother" in English, "mater" in Latin, "mat" in Russian and "madar" in Persian: they sound alike because… 26 Food and farming around the world 21 sentences · Look at a plate of chips with ketchup and a cup of hot chocolate: the potato, the tomato and the cocoa all c… 27 Resources and what countries trade 22 sentences · Britain cannot grow bananas outdoors, and Ecuador does not build many jet engines, so each sells what it is… 28 The Silk Road 22 sentences · Think of passing a note along a row of desks: nobody walks the whole way, each pupil hands it to the next. 29 The spice trade and the Indian Ocean 17 sentences · Today a pepper pot sits on every café table. 30 The Atlantic routes and the slave trade 21 sentences · A sailing ship could not go straight wherever it liked: it had to follow the winds. 31 Borders: why they are where they are 17 sentences · A border is a line that people agreed on, or fought over, to show where one country ends and the next begins… 32 Venice, the Ottomans and the Mediterranean 17 sentences · Venice is a city built on more than a hundred small islands in a shallow lagoon, where enemy ships ran agrou… 33 Castile, Portugal and the first sea empires 17 sentences · Portugal and Castile sat on the edge of Europe, facing the open Atlantic, so while Venice owned the old Medi… 34 Muscovy, England and France: how the big powers grew 18 sentences · Big countries were not born big: in 1337 Moscow was a small principality paying tribute to the Golden Horde,… 35 The Mughals, the Ming and the empires of Asia 17 sentences · In the years Europa Universalis 5 covers, the richest and most crowded lands on Earth were not in Europe but… 36 The people who were already there: what colonisation did 16 sentences · Europa Universalis 5 often paints the Americas, Australia and much of Africa as empty land waiting for colon… 37 How empires fell: the map of the 20th century 16 sentences · In 1914 a world map looked like a few huge patches of colour: European empires, with the USA and Japan, rule… 38 Today's world: the UN, the EU and the Commonwealth 16 sentences · In Europa Universalis 5 countries deal with each other only through alliances, marriages and wars, but today… 39 Odd places: microstates, enclaves and disputed lands 18 sentences · Most countries are big blobs on the map, but a few are so tiny you could walk across them before lunch: Vati… 40 The game map and the real map: what EU5 simplifies 18 sentences · Europa Universalis 5 is a brilliant map of the years 1337 to 1836, but every game must simplify, the way a f… 41 Inside the Earth 17 sentences · The Earth is not solid rock all the way through: it is built in layers, a bit like a peach with a thin skin,… 42 Plate tectonics 16 sentences · The Earth's hard outer shell, the lithosphere, is cracked into giant pieces called plates, which fit togethe… 43 Moving continents: from Pangaea to today 16 sentences · Then Pangaea tore apart, first into Laurasia in the north and Gondwana in the south, and the pieces drifted… 44 Earthquakes 17 sentences · Rocks along a crack in the crust, a fault, want to slide past each other but are stuck; the strain builds up… 45 Tsunamis 17 sentences · A tsunami is not one giant surfing wave: it is a series of huge waves made when something suddenly shoves a… 46 Volcanoes: how and where 15 sentences · A volcano is an opening in the crust where melted rock, gas and ash escape from inside the Earth; the mounta… 47 Famous eruptions and living with volcanoes 16 sentences · Some eruptions changed history: in AD 79 Vesuvius buried Pompeii and Herculaneum, and in 1815 Tambora threw… 48 Igneous rocks and the rock cycle 17 sentences · Igneous rocks are "fire rocks": they form when molten rock cools and hardens, either deep underground or on… 49 Sedimentary and metamorphic rocks 15 sentences · Because each layer settles on top of the one before, in rock that has not been disturbed the lowest layers a… 50 Minerals and crystals 15 sentences · Rocks are made of minerals, the way a fruit cake is made of flour, sugar and raisins: a mineral is a natural… 51 Gemstones and precious metals 21 sentences · A gemstone is a stone people cut and polish because it is beautiful, rare and hard enough to last. 52 Weathering and erosion 17 sentences · Rocks look as if they last for ever, but they are slowly being broken and carried away. 53 Rivers shaping the land 19 sentences · A river is a long conveyor belt for water and rock. 54 Glaciers and ice ages 19 sentences · A glacier is a river of ice. 55 Coasts and caves 16 sentences · The coast is where land and sea fight, and in storms the waves hit cliffs with huge force, hurling pebbles a… 56 Soil 17 sentences · Soil is not just dirt. 57 Fossils 19 sentences · A fossil is a message from a living thing that died long ago, usually more than 10,000 years ago. 58 Deep time and the story of life 18 sentences · The Earth is about 4.54 billion years old, a span so huge that geologists call it deep time. 59 Coal, oil and gas 20 sentences · Coal, oil and natural gas are called fossil fuels because they are made from living things that died million… 60 Metals, mining and what they cost 19 sentences · Almost every metal in your house began as a rock. 61 The map of the Just So Stories: from the North Atlantic to the Limpopo, the Amazon and Surrey 12 sentences · Kipling knew the world well. 62 The River Thames and the Sea Rat's voyage: from Constantinople to the English Channel 15 sentences · The River in «The Wind in the Willows» never gets a name, but it is really the Thames, where Kenneth Grahame… 63 Olympiad: maps, directions and clocks ★★★ 18 sentences · This olympiad lesson mixes the first lessons of the course - scale, compass points, latitude and longitude,… 64 Olympiad: which country am I? ★★★ 14 sentences · A "which country am I?" chain gives clues one by one, and each clue crosses some countries off the list unti… ← previous Frenchnext → History↑ back to the school This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/