Ancient China: paper, silk, the Silk Road and Confucius, sentence 14
Chinese alchemists discovered gunpowder, probably while looking for a medicine for long life; it was first used for fireworks and later in weapons.
Who acts: Chinese alchemists · What happens: discover, look, use · To what, where: gunpowder, weapons
This is a sentence of the lesson «Ancient China: paper, silk, the Silk Road and Confucius» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Chinese alchemists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Chinese | Chinese | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 alchemists | amod |
| 2 | alchemists | alchemist | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 discovered | nsubj |
| 3 | discovered | discover | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | gunpowder | gunpowder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 discovered | obj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 looking | punct |
| 6 | probably | probably | ADV | _ | 8 looking | advmod |
| 7 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 8 looking | mark |
| 8 | looking | look | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 3 discovered | advcl |
| 9 | for | for | ADP | _ | 11 medicine | case |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 medicine | det |
| 11 | medicine | medicine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 looking | obl |
| 12 | for | for | ADP | _ | 14 life | case |
| 13 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 life | amod |
| 14 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 medicine | nmod |
| 15 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 19 used | punct |
| 16 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 used | nsubj:pass |
| 17 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 used | aux:pass |
| 18 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 19 used | advmod |
| 19 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 discovered | parataxis |
| 20 | for | for | ADP | _ | 21 fireworks | case |
| 21 | fireworks | firework | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 used | obl |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 later | cc |
| 23 | later | late | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 19 used | advmod |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 25 weapons | case |
| 25 | weapons | weapon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 used | obl |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 discovered | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | discover | past | Chinese alchemists | gunpowder | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gunpowder=Topic | ||||
| 2 | look | gerund | Chinese alchemists not said here | for a medicine for long life; probably property | vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for medicine=Theme | ||||
| 3 | use | past · passive | gunpowder | weapons | for fireworks; first, late property | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: subject=Theme for firework=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:010-ancient-china-paper-silk-the-silk-road-and-confucius.lesson:14.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/10-ancient-china-paper-silk-the-silk-road-and-confucius/14/