Ancient China: paper, silk, the Silk Road and Confucius, sentence 2
The Chinese learned to make silk from silkworm cocoons and kept the method secret for centuries, so rich people from Rome to Persia paid a fortune for it.
Who acts: Chinese, rich people · What happens: learn, make, keep, pay · To what, where: silk, silkworm cocoons, method, fortune
This is a sentence of the lesson «Ancient China: paper, silk, the Silk Road and Confucius» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Chinese, rich people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Chinese | det |
| 2 | Chinese | Chinese | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 learned | nsubj |
| 3 | learned | learn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 make | mark |
| 5 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 learned | xcomp |
| 6 | silk | silk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 make | obj |
| 7 | from | from | ADP | _ | 9 cocoons | case |
| 8 | silkworm | silkworm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 cocoons | compound |
| 9 | cocoons | cocoon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 make | obl |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 kept | cc |
| 11 | kept | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 learned | conj |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 method | det |
| 13 | method | method | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 kept | obj |
| 14 | secret | secret | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 kept | xcomp |
| 15 | for | for | ADP | _ | 16 centuries | case |
| 16 | centuries | century | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 kept | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 people | punct |
| 18 | so | so | ADV | _ | 19 rich | advmod |
| 19 | rich | rich | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 people | amod |
| 20 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 paid | nsubj |
| 21 | from | from | ADP | _ | 22 Rome | case |
| 22 | Rome | Rome | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 people | nmod |
| 23 | to | to | ADP | _ | 24 Persia | case |
| 24 | Persia | Persia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 people | nmod |
| 25 | paid | pay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 learned | parataxis |
| 26 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 fortune | det |
| 27 | fortune | fortune | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 paid | obj |
| 28 | for | for | ADP | _ | 29 it | case |
| 29 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 paid | obl |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 learned | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed act=narrate
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | learn | past | the Chinese | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | make | to-infinitive | the Chinese not said here | silk | silkworm cocoons | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset silk=Product from cocoon=Material | |||
| 3 | keep | past | the Chinese not said here | the method | century | secret property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent method=Theme | ||
| 4 | pay | past | rich people from Rome to Persia | a fortune | for fortune | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent fortune=Asset for it=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:010-ancient-china-paper-silk-the-silk-road-and-confucius.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/10-ancient-china-paper-silk-the-silk-road-and-confucius/2/