Ancient China: paper, silk, the Silk Road and Confucius, sentence 6
Cai Lun, an official of the Han court, improved papermaking about 1,900 years ago, using tree bark, old rags and fishing nets.
Who acts: Cai · What happens: improve, use · To what, where: papermaking, tree bark
This is a sentence of the lesson «Ancient China: paper, silk, the Silk Road and Confucius» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Cai), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cai | Cai | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 improved | nsubj |
| 2 | Lun | Lun | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Cai | flat |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 official | punct |
| 4 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 official | det |
| 5 | official | official | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Cai | appos |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 court | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 court | det |
| 8 | Han | Han | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 court | compound |
| 9 | court | court | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 official | nmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 papermaking | punct |
| 11 | improved | improve | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 12 | papermaking | papermaking | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 improved | obj |
| 13 | about | about | ADV | _ | 14 1,900 | advmod |
| 14 | 1,900 | 1,900 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 15 years | nummod |
| 15 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 ago | obl |
| 16 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 11 improved | advmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 ago | punct |
| 18 | using | use | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 11 improved | advcl |
| 19 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 bark | compound |
| 20 | bark | bark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 using | obj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 rags | punct |
| 22 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 rags | amod |
| 23 | rags | rag | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 bark | conj |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 nets | cc |
| 25 | fishing | fishing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 nets | compound |
| 26 | nets | net | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 rags | conj |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 improved | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | improve | past | Cai | papermaking | ago property | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent papermaking=Patient | |||
| 2 | use | gerund | Cai not said here | tree bark and old rags and fishing nets | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bark=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:010-ancient-china-paper-silk-the-silk-road-and-confucius.lesson:6.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/10-ancient-china-paper-silk-the-silk-road-and-confucius/6/