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Rome: the fall of the West and what Rome left us, sentence 11

The western empire faced civil wars, money troubles, disease and many peoples pushing across its borders, such as Goths, Vandals and Huns; many problems together weakened it, not one single cause.

Who acts: western empire, many peoples, many problems · What happens: face, push, weaken · To what, where: civil wars, borders, empire

This is a sentence of the lesson «Rome: the fall of the West and what Rome left us» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (western empire, many peoples, many problems), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

detamodnsubjamodobjpunctcompoundconjpunctconjccamodconjaclcasenmod:possoblpunctcasefixedconjpunctconjccconjpunctamodnsubjadvmodparataxisobjpunctadvmodnummodamodparataxispunctrootTheDETwesternADJempireNOUNfacedVERBcivilADJwarsNOUN,PUNCTmoneyNOUNtroublesNOUN,PUNCTdiseaseNOUNandCCONJmanyADJpeoplesNOUNpushingVERBacrossADPitsPRONbordersNOUN,PUNCTsuchADJasADPGothsNOUN,PUNCTVandalsPROPNandCCONJHunsPROPN;PUNCTmanyADJproblemsNOUNtogetherADVweakenedVERBitPRON,PUNCTnotPARToneNUMsingleADJcauseNOUN.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1ThetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art3 empiredet
2westernwesternADJDegree=Pos3 empireamod
3empireempireNOUNNumber=Sing4 facednsubj
4facedfaceVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Finrootroot
5civilcivilADJDegree=Pos6 warsamod
6warswarNOUNNumber=Plur4 facedobj
7,,PUNCT_9 troublespunct
8moneymoneyNOUNNumber=Sing9 troublescompound
9troublestroubleNOUNNumber=Plur6 warsconj
10,,PUNCT_11 diseasepunct
11diseasediseaseNOUNNumber=Sing6 warsconj
12andandCCONJ_14 peoplescc
13manymanyADJDegree=Pos14 peoplesamod
14peoplespeopleNOUNNumber=Plur6 warsconj
15pushingpushVERBVerbForm=Ger14 peoplesacl
16acrossacrossADP_18 borderscase
17itsitsPRONCase=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs18 bordersnmod:poss
18bordersborderNOUNNumber=Plur15 pushingobl
19,,PUNCT_22 Gothspunct
20suchsuchADJDegree=Pos ExtPos=ADP22 Gothscase
21asasADP_20 suchfixed
22GothsgothNOUNNumber=Plur18 bordersconj
23,,PUNCT_24 Vandalspunct
24VandalsvandalPROPNNumber=Plur22 Gothsconj
25andandCCONJ_26 Hunscc
26HunsHunPROPNNumber=Plur24 Vandalsconj
27;;PUNCT_29 problemspunct
28manymanyADJDegree=Pos29 problemsamod
29problemsproblemNOUNNumber=Plur31 weakenednsubj
30togethertogetherADV_31 weakenedadvmod
31weakenedweakenVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin4 facedparataxis
32ititPRONCase=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs31 weakenedobj
33,,PUNCT_37 causepunct
34notnotPARTPolarity=Neg37 causeadvmod
35oneoneNUMNumForm=Word NumType=Card37 causenummod
36singlesingleADJDegree=Pos37 causeamod
37causecauseNOUNNumber=Sing31 weakenedparataxis
38..PUNCT_4 facedpunct

Pragmatics

form
statement
act
assert
voice
narrator
polarity
none
teacher
kept the draft
#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1facepastthe western empirecivil wars and money troubles and disease and many peoplesvn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme war=Destination
2pushgerundmany peoples not said hereempire's borders and Goths and Vandals and Hunsvn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent across border=Trajectory
3weakenpastmany problemsempiretogether propertyvn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:016-rome-the-fall-of-the-west-and-what-rome-left-us.lesson:11.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/16-rome-the-fall-of-the-west-and-what-rome-left-us/11/