Rome: the fall of the West and what Rome left us, sentence 11
The western empire faced civil wars, money troubles, disease and many peoples pushing across its borders, such as Goths, Vandals and Huns; many problems together weakened it, not one single cause.
Who acts: western empire, many peoples, many problems · What happens: face, push, weaken · To what, where: civil wars, borders, empire
This is a sentence of the lesson «Rome: the fall of the West and what Rome left us» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (western empire, many peoples, many problems), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 empire | det |
| 2 | western | western | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 empire | amod |
| 3 | empire | empire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 faced | nsubj |
| 4 | faced | face | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | civil | civil | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 wars | amod |
| 6 | wars | war | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 faced | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 troubles | punct |
| 8 | money | money | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 troubles | compound |
| 9 | troubles | trouble | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 wars | conj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 disease | punct |
| 11 | disease | disease | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 wars | conj |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 peoples | cc |
| 13 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 peoples | amod |
| 14 | peoples | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 wars | conj |
| 15 | pushing | push | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 14 peoples | acl |
| 16 | across | across | ADP | _ | 18 borders | case |
| 17 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 borders | nmod:poss |
| 18 | borders | border | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 pushing | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 Goths | punct |
| 20 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP | 22 Goths | case |
| 21 | as | as | ADP | _ | 20 such | fixed |
| 22 | Goths | goth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 borders | conj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 Vandals | punct |
| 24 | Vandals | vandal | PROPN | Number=Plur | 22 Goths | conj |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 Huns | cc |
| 26 | Huns | Hun | PROPN | Number=Plur | 24 Vandals | conj |
| 27 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 29 problems | punct |
| 28 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 problems | amod |
| 29 | problems | problem | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 weakened | nsubj |
| 30 | together | together | ADV | _ | 31 weakened | advmod |
| 31 | weakened | weaken | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 faced | parataxis |
| 32 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 weakened | obj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 cause | punct |
| 34 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 37 cause | advmod |
| 35 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 37 cause | nummod |
| 36 | single | single | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 cause | amod |
| 37 | cause | cause | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 weakened | parataxis |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 faced | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | face | past | the western empire | civil wars and money troubles and disease and many peoples | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme war=Destination | ||||
| 2 | push | gerund | many peoples not said here | empire's borders and Goths and Vandals and Huns | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent across border=Trajectory | ||||
| 3 | weaken | past | many problems | empire | together property | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:016-rome-the-fall-of-the-west-and-what-rome-left-us.lesson:11.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/16-rome-the-fall-of-the-west-and-what-rome-left-us/11/