Rome: the fall of the West and what Rome left us, sentence 7
Meanwhile, monks in the West copied old books by hand and kept learning alive.
Who acts: monks · What happens: copy, keep, learn · To what, where: old books
This is a sentence of the lesson «Rome: the fall of the West and what Rome left us» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (monks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Meanwhile | meanwhile | ADV | _ | 7 copied | advmod |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Meanwhile | punct |
| 3 | monks | monk | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 copied | nsubj |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 West | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 West | det |
| 6 | West | West | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 monks | nmod |
| 7 | copied | copy | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 books | amod |
| 9 | books | book | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 copied | obj |
| 10 | by | by | ADP | _ | 11 hand | case |
| 11 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 copied | obl |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 kept | cc |
| 13 | kept | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 copied | conj |
| 14 | learning | learn | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 13 kept | xcomp |
| 15 | alive | alive | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 learning | xcomp |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 copied | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | copy | past | monks in the West | old books | by hand; meanwhile property | vn transcribe-25.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent book=Theme by hand=Destination | |||
| 2 | keep | past | monks in the West not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | learn | gerund | monks in the West not said here | alive property | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:016-rome-the-fall-of-the-west-and-what-rome-left-us.lesson:7.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/16-rome-the-fall-of-the-west-and-what-rome-left-us/7/