Native peoples of North America, sentence 17
The Inuit of the Arctic hunted seals and whales, used kayaks and dog sleds, and in winter some built snow houses called igloos, but most did not live in igloos all year; they also lived in houses of stone, turf and skins.
Who acts: Inuit, snow houses, most · What happens: hunt, use, build, call, not live, live · To what, where: seals, kayaks, snow houses, igloos, houses · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Native peoples of North America» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Inuit, snow houses, most), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Inuit | det |
| 2 | Inuit | Inuit | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 hunted | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 Arctic | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 Arctic | det |
| 5 | Arctic | Arctic | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 Inuit | nmod |
| 6 | hunted | hunt | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 39 lived | conj |
| 7 | seals | seal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 hunted | obj |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 whales | cc |
| 9 | whales | whale | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 seals | conj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 used | punct |
| 11 | used | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 hunted | conj |
| 12 | kayaks | kayak | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 used | obj |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 sleds | cc |
| 14 | dog | dog | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 sleds | compound |
| 15 | sleds | sled | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 kayaks | conj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 built | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 built | cc |
| 18 | in | in | ADP | _ | 19 winter | case |
| 19 | winter | winter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 built | obl |
| 20 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 23 houses | det |
| 21 | built | build | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 hunted | conj |
| 22 | snow | snow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 houses | compound |
| 23 | houses | house | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 built | obj |
| 24 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 23 houses | acl |
| 25 | igloos | igloo | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 called | obj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 live | punct |
| 27 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 31 live | cc |
| 28 | most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 31 live | nsubj |
| 29 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 live | aux |
| 30 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 31 live | advmod |
| 31 | live | live | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 hunted | conj |
| 32 | in | in | ADP | _ | 33 igloos | case |
| 33 | igloos | igloo | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 live | obl |
| 34 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 35 year | det |
| 35 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 live | obl:unmarked |
| 36 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 39 lived | punct |
| 37 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 39 lived | nsubj |
| 38 | also | also | ADV | _ | 39 lived | advmod |
| 39 | lived | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 40 | in | in | ADP | _ | 41 houses | case |
| 41 | houses | house | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 lived | obl |
| 42 | of | of | ADP | _ | 43 stone | case |
| 43 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 houses | nmod |
| 44 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 turf | punct |
| 45 | turf | turf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 stone | conj |
| 46 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 47 skins | cc |
| 47 | skins | skin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 45 turf | conj |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 hunted | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hunt | past | the Inuit of the Arctic | seals and whales | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent seal=Theme | ||||
| 2 | use | past | the Inuit of the Arctic not said here | kayaks and dog sleds | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kayak=Patient | ||||
| 3 | build | past | the Inuit of the Arctic not said here | some snow houses | winter | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset house=Product | |||
| 4 | call | participle | some snow houses not said here | igloos | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent igloo=Recipient | ||||
| 5 | not live | past · do-support | most | igloos | year | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in igloo=Location | |||
| 6 | live | past | Inuit | houses of stone and turf and skins | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in house=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:017-native-peoples-of-north-america.lesson:17.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/17-native-peoples-of-north-america/17/