The Middle Ages begin: the Vikings, sentence 11
Viking longships were light and fast, with sails and oars, and could cross the sea and sail up shallow rivers.
Who acts: Viking longships · What happens: be, cross, sail up · To what, where: sea, shallow rivers
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Middle Ages begin: the Vikings» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Viking longships), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Viking | viking | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 longships | compound |
| 2 | longships | longship | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 light | nsubj |
| 3 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 light | cop |
| 4 | light | light | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 fast | cc |
| 6 | fast | fast | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 light | conj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 sails | punct |
| 8 | with | with | ADP | _ | 9 sails | case |
| 9 | sails | sail | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 light | obl |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 oars | cc |
| 11 | oars | oar | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 sails | conj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 cross | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 cross | cc |
| 14 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 15 cross | aux |
| 15 | cross | cross | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 light | conj |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 sea | det |
| 17 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 cross | obj |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 sail | cc |
| 19 | sail | sail | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 cross | conj |
| 20 | up | up | ADP | _ | 19 sail | compound:prt |
| 21 | shallow | shallow | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 rivers | amod |
| 22 | rivers | river | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 sail | obj |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 light | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | Viking longships | with sails and oars; light property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | be | Viking longships not said here | tree rules | ||||||
| 3 | cross | could | Viking longships not said here | the sea | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sea=Patient | ||||
| 4 | sail up | infinitive | Viking longships not said here | shallow rivers | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme river=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:020-the-middle-ages-begin-the-vikings.lesson:11.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×4. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/20-the-middle-ages-begin-the-vikings/11/