The Middle Ages begin: the Vikings, sentence 3
Going viking meant going on a sea raid, but most Norse people were farmers, fishers and traders, and they never wore horned helmets; that came from opera costumes in the 1800s.
Who acts: Going viking, most Norse people, People, that · What happens: go, mean, be, not wear, come · To what, where: sea raid, farmers, horned helmets, opera costumes
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Middle Ages begin: the Vikings» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Going viking, most Norse people, People, that), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Going | go | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 2 viking | amod |
| 2 | viking | viking | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 meant | nsubj |
| 3 | meant | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | going | go | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 3 meant | xcomp |
| 5 | on | on | ADP | _ | 8 raid | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 raid | det |
| 7 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 raid | compound |
| 8 | raid | raid | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 going | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 farmers | punct |
| 10 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 15 farmers | cc |
| 11 | most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 13 people | amod |
| 12 | Norse | norse | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 people | amod |
| 13 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 farmers | nsubj |
| 14 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 farmers | cop |
| 15 | farmers | farmer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 meant | conj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 fishers | punct |
| 17 | fishers | fisher | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 farmers | conj |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 traders | cc |
| 19 | traders | trader | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 farmers | conj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 wore | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 wore | cc |
| 22 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 wore | nsubj |
| 23 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 24 wore | advmod |
| 24 | wore | wear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 meant | conj |
| 25 | horned | horned | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 helmets | amod |
| 26 | helmets | helmet | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 wore | obj |
| 27 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 29 came | punct |
| 28 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 29 came | nsubj |
| 29 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 meant | parataxis |
| 30 | from | from | ADP | _ | 32 costumes | case |
| 31 | opera | opera | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 costumes | compound |
| 32 | costumes | costume | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 came | obl |
| 33 | in | in | ADP | _ | 35 1800s | case |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 1800s | det |
| 35 | 1800s | 1800 | NOUN | Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card | 29 came | obl |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 meant | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go | gerund | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 2 | mean | past | Going viking | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | go not said to happen | gerund | Going viking not said here | a sea raid | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on raid=Location | ||||
| 4 | is a | past | most Norse people | farmers and fishers and traders | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | not wear | past | People | horned helmets | vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent helmet=Theme | ||||
| 6 | come | past | that | opera costumes | in the 1800s | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from costume=Initial_Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:020-the-middle-ages-begin-the-vikings.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/20-the-middle-ages-begin-the-vikings/3/