The Middle Ages begin: the Vikings, sentence 9
Vikings were Norse people from Denmark, Norway and Sweden; viking really meant going on a sea raid, and most Norse people were farmers, fishers and traders.
Who acts: Vikings, viking, most Norse people · What happens: be, mean, go · To what, where: Norse people, Denmark, sea raid, farmers
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Middle Ages begin: the Vikings» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Vikings, viking, most Norse people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Vikings | viking | PROPN | Number=Plur | 4 people | nsubj |
| 2 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 people | cop |
| 3 | Norse | norse | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 people | amod |
| 4 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 5 | from | from | ADP | _ | 6 Denmark | case |
| 6 | Denmark | Denmark | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 people | nmod |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 Norway | punct |
| 8 | Norway | Norway | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 Denmark | conj |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 Sweden | cc |
| 10 | Sweden | Sweden | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 Denmark | conj |
| 11 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 12 viking | punct |
| 12 | viking | viking | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 meant | nsubj |
| 13 | really | really | ADV | _ | 14 meant | advmod |
| 14 | meant | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 people | parataxis |
| 15 | going | go | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 14 meant | xcomp |
| 16 | on | on | ADP | _ | 19 raid | case |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 raid | det |
| 18 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 raid | compound |
| 19 | raid | raid | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 going | obl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 farmers | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 farmers | cc |
| 22 | most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 24 people | amod |
| 23 | Norse | norse | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 people | amod |
| 24 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 farmers | nsubj |
| 25 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 farmers | cop |
| 26 | farmers | farmer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 people | conj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 fishers | punct |
| 28 | fishers | fisher | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 farmers | conj |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 traders | cc |
| 30 | traders | trader | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 farmers | conj |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 people | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | Vikings | Norse people and farmers and fishers and traders | Denmark and Norway and Sweden | tree rules | |||
| 2 | mean | past | viking | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | go not said to happen | gerund | viking not said here | a sea raid | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on raid=Location | ||||
| 4 | is a | past | most Norse people | farmers and fishers and traders | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:020-the-middle-ages-begin-the-vikings.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/20-the-middle-ages-begin-the-vikings/9/