The Black Death and the end of the Middle Ages, sentence 1

Nobody knew about germs then; the real cause, a germ carried by fleas on rats and other animals, was found more than 500 years later, in 1894.

Who acts: Nobody · What happens: know, carry, find · To what, where: germ, rats, real cause, 1894

This is a sentence of the lesson «The Black Death and the end of the Middle Ages» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Nobody), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nobody	nobody	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	2 knew	nsubj
2	knew	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	about	about	ADP	_	4 germs	case
4	germs	germ	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 knew	obl
5	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	2 knew	advmod
6	;	;	PUNCT	_	23 found	punct
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 cause	det
8	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 cause	amod
9	cause	cause	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 found	nsubj:pass
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 germ	punct
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 germ	det
12	germ	germ	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 cause	appos
13	carried	carry	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	12 germ	acl
14	by	by	ADP	_	15 fleas	case
15	fleas	flea	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 carried	obl
16	on	on	ADP	_	17 rats	case
17	rats	rat	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 carried	obl
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 animals	cc
19	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 animals	amod
20	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 rats	conj
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 cause	punct
22	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	23 found	aux:pass
23	found	find	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	2 knew	conj
24	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp ExtPos=ADV	26 500	advmod
25	than	than	ADP	_	24 more	fixed
26	500	500	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	27 years	nummod
27	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	28 later	obl:unmarked
28	later	late	ADV	Degree=Cmp	23 found	advmod
29	,	,	PUNCT	_	31 1894	punct
30	in	in	ADP	_	31 1894	case
31	1894	1894	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	23 found	obl
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 knew	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	know	past	Nobody			then	about germs	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer about germ=Stimulus
2	carry	participle		a germ not said here	rats and other animals		by fleas	vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	find	past · passive		the real cause	1894		late property	vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:024-the-black-death-and-the-end-of-the-middle-ages.lesson:1.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/24-the-black-death-and-the-end-of-the-middle-ages/1/