The Black Death and the end of the Middle Ages, sentence 7

The plague was caused by a germ carried by fleas on rats and other animals, and it could also pass between people; the germ was discovered in 1894.

Who acts: germ, plague · What happens: cause, carry, pass, discover · To what, where: plague, germ, rats, 1894

This is a sentence of the lesson «The Black Death and the end of the Middle Ages» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (germ, plague), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 plague	det
2	plague	plague	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 caused	nsubj
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 caused	aux:pass
4	caused	cause	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 germ	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 germ	det
7	germ	germ	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 caused	obl:agent
8	carried	carry	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 germ	acl
9	by	by	ADP	_	10 fleas	case
10	fleas	flea	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 carried	obl
11	on	on	ADP	_	12 rats	case
12	rats	rat	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 carried	obl
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 animals	cc
14	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 animals	amod
15	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 rats	conj
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 pass	punct
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 pass	cc
18	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 pass	nsubj
19	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	21 pass	aux
20	also	also	ADV	_	21 pass	advmod
21	pass	pass	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 caused	conj
22	between	between	ADP	_	23 people	case
23	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 pass	obl
24	;	;	PUNCT	_	28 discovered	punct
25	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	26 germ	det
26	germ	germ	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 discovered	nsubj:pass
27	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	28 discovered	aux:pass
28	discovered	discover	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 caused	parataxis
29	in	in	ADP	_	30 1894	case
30	1894	1894	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	28 discovered	obl
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 caused	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	cause	past · passive	a germ	the plague			vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient
2	carry	participle		a germ not said here	rats and other animals	by fleas	vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	pass	could	plague			between people	vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme between people=Location
4	discover	past · passive		the germ	1894		vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:024-the-black-death-and-the-end-of-the-middle-ages.lesson:7.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/24-the-black-death-and-the-end-of-the-middle-ages/7/