Explorers: around Africa and Columbus, sentence 9
Christopher Columbus, from Genoa in Italy, believed he could reach Asia by sailing west, and Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand of Spain paid for his voyage.
Who acts: Christopher, Isabella · What happens: believe, reach, sail, pay, voyage · To what, where: Asia · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Explorers: around Africa and Columbus» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Christopher, Isabella), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Christopher | Christopher | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 believed | nsubj |
| 2 | Columbus | Columbus | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Christopher | flat |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 Genoa | punct |
| 4 | from | from | ADP | _ | 5 Genoa | case |
| 5 | Genoa | Genoa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 Columbus | nmod |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 Italy | case |
| 7 | Italy | Italy | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 Genoa | nmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 believed | punct |
| 9 | believed | believe | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 reach | nsubj |
| 11 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 12 reach | aux |
| 12 | reach | reach | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 believed | ccomp |
| 13 | Asia | Asia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 reach | obj |
| 14 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 15 sailing | mark |
| 15 | sailing | sail | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 12 reach | advcl |
| 16 | west | west | ADV | _ | 15 sailing | advmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 paid | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 Isabella | cc |
| 19 | Queen | Queen | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 Isabella | nmod:desc |
| 20 | Isabella | Isabella | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 paid | nsubj |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 Ferdinand | cc |
| 22 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 Ferdinand | nmod:desc |
| 23 | Ferdinand | Ferdinand | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 Isabella | conj |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 Spain | case |
| 25 | Spain | Spain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 Ferdinand | nmod |
| 26 | paid | pay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 believed | conj |
| 27 | for | for | ADP | _ | 29 voyage | case |
| 28 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 29 voyage | nmod:poss |
| 29 | voyage | voyage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 paid | obl |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 believed | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | believe | past | Christopher | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | reach | could | Christopher | Asia | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent asia=Theme | ||||
| 3 | sail | gerund | Christopher not said here | west property | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | pay | past | Isabella Queen and Ferdinand King of Spain | for Christopher's voyage | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent for voyage=Theme | ||||
| 5 | voyage | Christopher | nom voyage «act transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:026-explorers-around-africa-and-columbus.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/26-explorers-around-africa-and-columbus/9/