Explorers: Cook and the Pacific, sentence 0
Long before any European ship arrived, Polynesian navigators crossed the Pacific in double canoes, reading the stars, the waves and the flight of birds, and settled islands from Hawaii to New Zealand.
Who acts: European ship, Polynesian navigators · What happens: arrive, cross, read, settle · To what, where: Pacific, stars, Hawaii
This is a sentence of the lesson «Explorers: Cook and the Pacific» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (European ship, Polynesian navigators), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Long | long | ADV | Degree=Pos | 6 arrived | advmod |
| 2 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 6 arrived | mark |
| 3 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 5 ship | det |
| 4 | European | European | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 ship | amod |
| 5 | ship | ship | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 arrived | nsubj |
| 6 | arrived | arrive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 crossed | advcl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Long | punct |
| 8 | Polynesian | polynesian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 navigators | amod |
| 9 | navigators | navigator | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 crossed | nsubj |
| 10 | crossed | cross | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 Pacific | det |
| 12 | Pacific | Pacific | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 crossed | obj |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 canoes | case |
| 14 | double | double | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 canoes | amod |
| 15 | canoes | canoe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 crossed | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 reading | punct |
| 17 | reading | read | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 10 crossed | advcl |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 stars | det |
| 19 | stars | star | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 reading | obj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 waves | punct |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 waves | det |
| 22 | waves | wave | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 stars | conj |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 flight | cc |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 flight | det |
| 25 | flight | flight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 waves | conj |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 27 birds | case |
| 27 | birds | bird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 flight | nmod |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 settled | punct |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 settled | cc |
| 30 | settled | settle | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 crossed | conj |
| 31 | islands | island | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 settled | conj |
| 32 | from | from | ADP | _ | 33 Hawaii | case |
| 33 | Hawaii | Hawaii | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 settled | obl |
| 34 | to | to | ADP | _ | 36 Zealand | case |
| 35 | New | New | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 Zealand | compound |
| 36 | Zealand | Zealand | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 Hawaii | nmod |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 crossed | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed act=narrate
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | arrive | past | any European ship | long property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | cross | past | Polynesian navigators | the Pacific | in double canoes | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent pacific=Patient in canoe=Topic | |||
| 3 | read | gerund | Polynesian navigators not said here | the stars and the waves and the flight of birds | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent star=Topic | ||||
| 4 | settle | past | Polynesian navigators not said here | Hawaii to New Zealand | vn correspond-36.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:028-explorers-cook-and-the-pacific.lesson:0.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/28-explorers-cook-and-the-pacific/0/