The age of science, sentence 0
For centuries people trusted old books to say how the world works; in the age of science they began to test ideas by looking, measuring and experimenting, and when the test disagreed with the book, the book lost.
Who acts: people, world, test, book · What happens: trust, say, work, begin, test, look · To what, where: old books, age, ideas · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «The age of science» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, world, test, book), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | For | for | ADP | _ | 2 centuries | case |
| 2 | centuries | century | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 trusted | obl |
| 3 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 trusted | nsubj |
| 4 | trusted | trust | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 books | amod |
| 6 | books | book | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 trusted | obj |
| 7 | to | to | PART | _ | 8 say | mark |
| 8 | say | say | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 trusted | advcl |
| 9 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 12 works | advmod |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 world | det |
| 11 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 works | nsubj |
| 12 | works | work | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 say | ccomp |
| 13 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 4 trusted | punct |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 age | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 age | det |
| 16 | age | age | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 began | obl |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 science | case |
| 18 | science | science | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 age | nmod |
| 19 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 began | nsubj |
| 20 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 trusted | parataxis |
| 21 | to | to | PART | _ | 22 test | mark |
| 22 | test | test | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 began | xcomp |
| 23 | ideas | idea | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 test | obj |
| 24 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 25 looking | mark |
| 25 | looking | look | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 20 began | advcl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 measuring | punct |
| 27 | measuring | measure | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 25 looking | conj |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 experimenting | cc |
| 29 | experimenting | experiment | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 25 looking | conj |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 lost | punct |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 42 lost | cc |
| 32 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 35 disagreed | advmod |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 test | det |
| 34 | test | test | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 disagreed | nsubj |
| 35 | disagreed | disagree | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 42 lost | advcl |
| 36 | with | with | ADP | _ | 38 book | case |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 book | det |
| 38 | book | book | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 disagreed | obl |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 disagreed | punct |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 book | det |
| 41 | book | book | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 lost | nsubj |
| 42 | lost | lose | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 began | conj |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 trusted | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | trust | past | people | old books | century | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Theme | |||
| 2 | say speech: assert | to-infinitive | people not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | work | present | the world | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | begin | past | people | in the age of science | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 5 | test | to-infinitive | people not said here | ideas | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent idea=Theme | ||||
| 6 | look | gerund | people not said here | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | |||||
| 7 | measure | gerund | people not said here | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 8 | experiment | gerund | people not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 9 | disagree | past | the test | with the book | vn correspond-36.1 «NP V PP.co-agent PP.theme whether S»: agent=Agent with book=Co-Agent | ||||
| 10 | lose | past | the book | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:029-the-age-of-science.lesson:0.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×4. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/29-the-age-of-science/0/