Mesopotamia: the first cities and writing, sentence 13
Scribes pressed a cut reed into wet clay, making wedge-shaped marks; the word cuneiform means wedge-shaped.
Who acts: Scribes, word · What happens: press, make, shape, mean · To what, where: cut reed, wet clay, shaped marks
This is a sentence of the lesson «Mesopotamia: the first cities and writing» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Scribes, word), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Scribes | scribe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 pressed | nsubj |
| 2 | pressed | press | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 reed | det |
| 4 | cut | cut | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 reed | amod |
| 5 | reed | reed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 pressed | obj |
| 6 | into | into | ADP | _ | 8 clay | case |
| 7 | wet | wet | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 clay | amod |
| 8 | clay | clay | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 pressed | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 making | punct |
| 10 | making | make | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 pressed | advcl |
| 11 | wedge | wedge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 shaped | compound |
| 12 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 13 shaped | punct |
| 13 | shaped | shape | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 marks | amod |
| 14 | marks | mark | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 making | obj |
| 15 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 19 means | punct |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 word | det |
| 17 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 means | nsubj |
| 18 | cuneiform | cuneiform | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 word | appos |
| 19 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 pressed | parataxis |
| 20 | wedge | wedge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 shaped | compound |
| 21 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 22 shaped | punct |
| 22 | shaped | shaped | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 means | xcomp |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 pressed | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | press | past | Scribes | a cut reed | wet clay | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reed=Theme | |||
| 2 | make | gerund | Scribes not said here | shaped marks | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset mark=Product | ||||
| 3 | shape | participle | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | ||||||
| 4 | mean | present | the word | shaped property | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:003-mesopotamia-first-cities-and-writing.lesson:13.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/3-mesopotamia-first-cities-and-writing/13/