Mesopotamia: the first cities and writing, sentence 8

Over the city rose a ziggurat, a stepped tower of mud brick, and the Sumerians wrote down stories like the Epic of Gilgamesh, one of the oldest stories in the world.

Who acts: Sumerians · What happens: rise, step, write down · To what, where: ziggurat, city, stories

This is a sentence of the lesson «Mesopotamia: the first cities and writing» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sumerians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Over	over	ADP	_	3 city	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 city	det
3	city	city	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 rose	obl
4	rose	rise	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 ziggurat	det
6	ziggurat	ziggurat	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 rose	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 tower	punct
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 tower	det
9	stepped	step	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 tower	amod
10	tower	tower	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 ziggurat	appos
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 brick	case
12	mud	mud	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 brick	compound
13	brick	brick	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 tower	nmod
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 wrote	punct
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 wrote	cc
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 Sumerians	det
17	Sumerians	Sumerian	PROPN	Number=Plur	18 wrote	nsubj
18	wrote	write	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 rose	conj
19	down	down	ADP	_	18 wrote	compound:prt
20	stories	story	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 wrote	obj
21	like	like	ADP	_	23 Epic	case
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 Epic	det
23	Epic	epic	PROPN	Number=Sing	20 stories	nmod
24	of	of	ADP	_	25 Gilgamesh	case
25	Gilgamesh	Gilgamesh	PROPN	Number=Sing	23 Epic	nmod
26	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 one	punct
27	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	23 Epic	appos
28	of	of	ADP	_	31 stories	case
29	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	31 stories	det
30	oldest	old	ADJ	Degree=Sup	31 stories	amod
31	stories	story	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 one	nmod
32	in	in	ADP	_	34 world	case
33	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	34 world	det
34	world	world	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 stories	nmod
35	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 rose	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	rise	past		a ziggurat	the city		vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location ziggurat=Theme
2	step	participle					vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	write down	past	the Sumerians	stories		like the Epic of Gilgamesh	vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent story=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:003-mesopotamia-first-cities-and-writing.lesson:8.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/3-mesopotamia-first-cities-and-writing/8/