The Second World War, sentence 8
In 1940 Germany conquered much of Europe, but Britain, led by Winston Churchill, fought on, and the Royal Air Force won the Battle of Britain in the skies.
Who acts: Germany, Britain, Royal Air Force · What happens: conquer, lead, fight, win · To what, where: much, 1940, Britain, Battle, skies
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Second World War» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Germany, Britain, Royal Air Force), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 2 1940 | case |
| 2 | 1940 | 1940 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 4 conquered | obl |
| 3 | Germany | Germany | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 conquered | nsubj |
| 4 | conquered | conquer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | much | much | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 conquered | obj |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 Europe | case |
| 7 | Europe | Europe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 much | nmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 fought | punct |
| 9 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 10 Britain | cc |
| 10 | Britain | Britain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 fought | nsubj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 led | punct |
| 12 | led | lead | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 Britain | acl |
| 13 | by | by | ADP | _ | 14 Winston | case |
| 14 | Winston | Winston | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 led | obl:agent |
| 15 | Churchill | Churchill | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 Winston | flat |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 fought | punct |
| 17 | fought | fight | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 conquered | conj |
| 18 | on | on | ADV | _ | 17 fought | advmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 won | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 won | cc |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 Force | det |
| 22 | Royal | Royal | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 Force | flat |
| 23 | Air | Air | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 Force | flat |
| 24 | Force | Force | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 won | nsubj |
| 25 | won | win | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 conquered | conj |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 Battle | det |
| 27 | Battle | battle | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 won | obj |
| 28 | of | of | ADP | _ | 29 Britain | case |
| 29 | Britain | Britain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 27 Battle | nmod |
| 30 | in | in | ADP | _ | 32 skies | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 skies | det |
| 32 | skies | sky | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 won | obl |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 conquered | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed act=narrate
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | conquer | past | Germany | much of Europe | 1940 | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent much=Patient | |||
| 2 | lead | participle | Britain not said here | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition | |||||
| 3 | fight | past | Britain | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | win | past | the Royal Air Force | the Battle of Britain | the skies | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent battle=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:034-the-second-world-war.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/34-the-second-world-war/8/