Britain and Ireland: a short story, sentence 0
Britain was settled wave after wave by Celtic Britons, Romans, Anglo-Saxons, Vikings and Normans, and in modern times by people from all over the world, so English is a mix of many languages, like a stew with something from everyone who came to dinner.
Who acts: Celtic Britons, English · What happens: settle, be, come · To what, where: Britain, mix, dinner
This is a sentence of the lesson «Britain and Ireland: a short story» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Celtic Britons, English), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Britain | Britain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 settled | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 settled | aux:pass |
| 3 | settled | settle | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | wave | wave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 settled | obl:unmarked |
| 5 | after | after | ADP | _ | 6 wave | case |
| 6 | wave | wave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 wave | nmod |
| 7 | by | by | ADP | _ | 9 Britons | case |
| 8 | Celtic | celtic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 Britons | amod |
| 9 | Britons | briton | PROPN | Number=Plur | 3 settled | obl:agent |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 Romans | punct |
| 11 | Romans | Roman | PROPN | Number=Plur | 9 Britons | conj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 Saxons | punct |
| 13 | Anglo | Anglo | X | _ | 15 Saxons | compound |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 13 Anglo | punct |
| 15 | Saxons | Saxon | PROPN | Number=Plur | 9 Britons | conj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 Vikings | punct |
| 17 | Vikings | viking | PROPN | Number=Plur | 9 Britons | conj |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 Normans | cc |
| 19 | Normans | Norman | PROPN | Number=Plur | 9 Britons | conj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 times | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 times | cc |
| 22 | in | in | ADP | _ | 24 times | case |
| 23 | modern | modern | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 times | amod |
| 24 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 Britons | conj |
| 25 | by | by | ADP | _ | 26 people | case |
| 26 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 times | nmod |
| 27 | from | from | ADP | _ | 31 world | case |
| 28 | all | all | ADV | _ | 31 world | advmod |
| 29 | over | over | ADP | _ | 31 world | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 world | det |
| 31 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 people | nmod |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 mix | punct |
| 33 | so | so | ADV | _ | 37 mix | advmod |
| 34 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 37 mix | nsubj |
| 35 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 37 mix | cop |
| 36 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 37 mix | det |
| 37 | mix | mix | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 settled | parataxis |
| 38 | of | of | ADP | _ | 40 languages | case |
| 39 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 languages | amod |
| 40 | languages | language | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 mix | nmod |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 stew | punct |
| 42 | like | like | ADP | _ | 44 stew | case |
| 43 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 44 stew | det |
| 44 | stew | stew | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 mix | nmod |
| 45 | with | with | ADP | _ | 46 something | case |
| 46 | something | something | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 44 stew | nmod |
| 47 | from | from | ADP | _ | 48 everyone | case |
| 48 | everyone | everyone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Tot | 46 something | nmod |
| 49 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 50 came | nsubj |
| 50 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 48 everyone | acl:relcl |
| 51 | to | to | ADP | _ | 52 dinner | case |
| 52 | dinner | dinner | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 came | obl |
| 53 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 settled | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | settle | past · passive | Celtic Britons and Romans and Anglo Saxons and Vikings and Normans and modern times by people from the world | Britain | wave after wave obl:unmarked | vn odge-46-1 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme subject=Location | |||
| 2 | is a | present | English | a mix | of many languages; like a stew with something | tree rules | |||
| 3 | come | past | dinner | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to dinner=Initial_Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:037-britain-and-ireland-a-short-story.lesson:0.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/37-britain-and-ireland-a-short-story/0/