The United States: a short story, sentence 14
In the 1800s the USA spread west to the Pacific with wagon trains, gold rushes and railways, but this meant taking land from Native nations.
Who acts: USA, this · What happens: spread, mean, take · To what, where: 1800s, land, Native nations
This is a sentence of the lesson «The United States: a short story» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (USA, this), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 1800s | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 1800s | det |
| 3 | 1800s | 1800 | NOUN | Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card | 6 spread | obl |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 USA | det |
| 5 | USA | USA | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 spread | nsubj |
| 6 | spread | spread | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | west | west | ADV | _ | 6 spread | advmod |
| 8 | to | to | ADP | _ | 10 Pacific | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 Pacific | det |
| 10 | Pacific | Pacific | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 spread | obl |
| 11 | with | with | ADP | _ | 13 trains | case |
| 12 | wagon | wagon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 trains | compound |
| 13 | trains | train | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 spread | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 rushes | punct |
| 15 | gold | gold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 rushes | compound |
| 16 | rushes | rush | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 trains | conj |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 railways | cc |
| 18 | railways | railway | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 trains | conj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 meant | punct |
| 20 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 22 meant | cc |
| 21 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 22 meant | nsubj |
| 22 | meant | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 spread | conj |
| 23 | taking | take | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 22 meant | xcomp |
| 24 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 taking | obj |
| 25 | from | from | ADP | _ | 27 nations | case |
| 26 | Native | native | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 nations | amod |
| 27 | nations | nation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 taking | obl |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 spread | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | spread | past | the USA | the 1800s | to the Pacific; with wagon trains and gold rushes and railways; west property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in 1800=Location | |||
| 2 | mean | past | this | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | take not said to happen | gerund | this not said here | land | Native nations | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent land=Theme from nation=Initial_Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:038-the-united-states-a-short-story.lesson:14.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/38-the-united-states-a-short-story/14/