Canada: a short story, sentence 13

For over a hundred years many Indigenous children were taken from their families to residential schools, where they were forbidden to speak their own languages and many were treated badly; the last schools closed only in the 1990s, so many who went there are alive today.

What happens: take, forbid, speak, treat, close, go · To what, where: many Indigenous children, families, children, own languages, last schools · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Canada: a short story» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	For	for	ADP	_	5 years	case
2	over	over	ADV	_	4 hundred	advmod
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 hundred	det
4	hundred	hundred	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 years	nummod
5	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 taken	obl
6	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 children	amod
7	Indigenous	Indigenous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 children	amod
8	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 taken	nsubj
9	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 taken	aux:pass
10	taken	take	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
11	from	from	ADP	_	13 families	case
12	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 families	nmod:poss
13	families	family	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 taken	obl
14	to	to	ADP	_	16 schools	case
15	residential	residential	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 schools	amod
16	schools	school	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 taken	obl
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 forbidden	punct
18	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	21 forbidden	advmod
19	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 forbidden	nsubj
20	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	21 forbidden	aux:pass
21	forbidden	forbid	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	16 schools	acl:relcl
22	to	to	PART	_	23 speak	mark
23	speak	speak	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	21 forbidden	xcomp
24	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	26 languages	nmod:poss
25	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	26 languages	amod
26	languages	language	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 speak	obj
27	and	and	CCONJ	_	28 many	cc
28	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 forbidden	conj
29	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	30 treated	aux:pass
30	treated	treat	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	21 forbidden	conj
31	badly	badly	ADV	Degree=Pos	30 treated	advmod
32	;	;	PUNCT	_	36 closed	punct
33	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	35 schools	det
34	last	last	ADJ	Degree=Pos	35 schools	amod
35	schools	school	NOUN	Number=Plur	36 closed	nsubj:pass
36	closed	close	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	21 forbidden	conj
37	only	only	ADV	_	40 1990s	advmod
38	in	in	ADP	_	40 1990s	case
39	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	40 1990s	det
40	1990s	1990s	NOUN	Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card	36 closed	obl
41	,	,	PUNCT	_	43 many	punct
42	so	so	ADV	_	43 many	advmod
43	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 taken	conj
44	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	45 went	nsubj
45	went	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	43 many	acl:relcl
46	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	45 went	advmod
47	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	48 alive	cop
48	alive	alive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	43 many	parataxis
49	today	today	NOUN	Number=Sing	48 alive	obl:unmarked
50	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 taken	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	take	past · passive	many Indigenous children	children's families	year	to residential schools	vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial_location PP.destination»: subject=Theme from family=Initial_Location to school=Destination
2	forbid	past · passive	children = child				tree rules
3	speak speech: other	to-infinitive	children's own languages				tree rules
4	treat	past · passive				badly property	vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»
5	close	participle · passive	the last schools			in the 1990s	vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: subject=Patient in 1990s=Topic
6	go	past		there			vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
7	is	present			today	alive property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:039-canada-a-short-story.lesson:13.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/39-canada-a-short-story/13/