Today's Ukraine and Danylo's exaggerations, sentence 14
Ukrainian is the state language; for historical reasons many Ukrainians, especially in big cities and the east, spoke Russian at home, and since 2014, and more since 2022, many have switched to Ukrainian.
Who acts: Ukrainian, state language, many · What happens: be, speak, switch · To what, where: state language, Russian, home, Ukrainian · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Today's Ukraine and Danylo's exaggerations» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ukrainian, state language, many), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ukrainian | Ukrainian | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 language | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 language | cop |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 language | det |
| 4 | state | state | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 language | compound |
| 5 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 spoke | nsubj |
| 6 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 21 spoke | punct |
| 7 | for | for | ADP | _ | 9 reasons | case |
| 8 | historical | historical | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 reasons | amod |
| 9 | reasons | reason | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 spoke | obl |
| 10 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 Ukrainians | amod |
| 11 | Ukrainians | ukrainian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 21 spoke | nsubj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 cities | punct |
| 13 | especially | especially | ADV | _ | 16 cities | advmod |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 cities | case |
| 15 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 cities | amod |
| 16 | cities | city | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 reasons | conj |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 east | cc |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 east | det |
| 19 | east | east | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 cities | conj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 language | punct |
| 21 | spoke | speak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 22 | Russian | Russian | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 spoke | obj |
| 23 | at | at | ADP | _ | 24 home | case |
| 24 | home | home | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 spoke | obl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 2014 | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 2014 | cc |
| 27 | since | since | ADP | _ | 28 2014 | case |
| 28 | 2014 | 2014 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 37 switched | obl |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 more | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 more | cc |
| 31 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 21 spoke | conj |
| 32 | since | since | ADP | _ | 33 2022 | case |
| 33 | 2022 | 2022 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 31 more | obl |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 switched | punct |
| 35 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 switched | nsubj |
| 36 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 37 switched | aux |
| 37 | switched | switch | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 21 spoke | conj |
| 38 | to | to | ADP | _ | 39 Ukrainian | case |
| 39 | Ukrainian | Ukrainian | PROPN | Number=Sing | 37 switched | obl |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 language | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Ukrainian | the state language | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | speak speech: other | past | the state language | Russian | home | for historical reasons and big cities and the east | tree rules | ||
| 3 | switch | present · perfect | many | Ukrainian | since 2014 | vn convert-26.6.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Patient to ukrainian=Result |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:050-todays-ukraine-and-danylos-exaggerations.lesson:14.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×4, R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/50-todays-ukraine-and-danylos-exaggerations/14/