China: the First Emperor, the Terracotta Army and the Great Wall, sentence 1
In 221 BC Qin Shi Huang united China and made writing, coins, weights and even the width of cart axles the same everywhere, but he also used forced labour, burned books and punished harshly.
Who acts: Qin · What happens: unite, make, use, force, burn, punish · To what, where: China, 221 BC, writing, forced labour
This is a sentence of the lesson «China: the First Emperor, the Terracotta Army and the Great Wall» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Qin), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 BC | case |
| 2 | 221 | 221 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 3 BC | nummod |
| 3 | BC | BC | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 united | obl |
| 4 | Qin | Qin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 united | nsubj |
| 5 | Shi | Shi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 Qin | flat |
| 6 | Huang | Huang | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 Qin | flat |
| 7 | united | unite | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | China | China | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 united | obj |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 made | cc |
| 10 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 united | conj |
| 11 | writing | writing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 made | obj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 coins | punct |
| 13 | coins | coin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 writing | conj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 weights | punct |
| 15 | weights | weight | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 writing | conj |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 width | cc |
| 17 | even | even | ADV | _ | 19 width | advmod |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 width | det |
| 19 | width | width | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 writing | conj |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 axles | case |
| 21 | cart | cart | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 axles | compound |
| 22 | axles | axle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 width | nmod |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 same | det |
| 24 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 axles | amod |
| 25 | everywhere | everywhere | ADV | PronType=Tot | 24 same | advmod |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 used | punct |
| 27 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 30 used | cc |
| 28 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 used | nsubj |
| 29 | also | also | ADV | _ | 30 used | advmod |
| 30 | used | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 united | conj |
| 31 | forced | force | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 32 labour | amod |
| 32 | labour | labour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 used | obj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 burned | punct |
| 34 | burned | burn | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 35 books | amod |
| 35 | books | book | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 labour | conj |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 punished | cc |
| 37 | punished | punish | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 30 used | conj |
| 38 | harshly | harshly | ADV | _ | 37 punished | advmod |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 united | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | unite | past | Qin | China | 221 BC | vn amalgamate-22.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent china=Patient | |||
| 2 | make | past | Qin not said here | writing and coins and weights and the width of cart axles | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset writing=Product | ||||
| 3 | use | past | Qin | forced labour and burned books | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent labour=Patient | ||||
| 4 | force | participle | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 5 | burn | participle | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 6 | punish | past | Qin not said here | harshly property | vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:052-china-the-first-emperor-the-terracotta-army-and-the-great-wall.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×2, R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/52-china-the-first-emperor-the-terracotta-army-and-the-great-wall/1/