China: the First Emperor, the Terracotta Army and the Great Wall, sentence 12
The historian Sima Qian wrote that the emperor's tomb has rivers of mercury, a poisonous liquid metal; soil tests show high mercury levels, and archaeologists have not opened the main tomb, mainly to protect it.
Who acts: historian, tomb, soil tests, archaeologists · What happens: write, have, show, not open, protect · To what, where: rivers, high mercury levels, main tomb, historian
This is a sentence of the lesson «China: the First Emperor, the Terracotta Army and the Great Wall» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (historian, tomb, soil tests, archaeologists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 historian | det |
| 2 | historian | historian | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 wrote | nsubj |
| 3 | Sima | Sima | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 historian | appos |
| 4 | Qian | Qian | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Sima | flat |
| 5 | wrote | write | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 11 has | mark |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 emperor | det |
| 8 | emperor | emperor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 tomb | nmod:poss |
| 9 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 8 emperor | case |
| 10 | tomb | tomb | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 has | nsubj |
| 11 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 wrote | ccomp |
| 12 | rivers | river | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 has | obj |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 mercury | case |
| 14 | mercury | mercury | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 rivers | nmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 metal | punct |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 metal | det |
| 17 | poisonous | poisonous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 metal | amod |
| 18 | liquid | liquid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 metal | amod |
| 19 | metal | metal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 mercury | appos |
| 20 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 23 show | punct |
| 21 | soil | soil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 tests | compound |
| 22 | tests | test | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 show | nsubj |
| 23 | show | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 wrote | parataxis |
| 24 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 levels | amod |
| 25 | mercury | mercury | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 levels | compound |
| 26 | levels | level | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 show | obj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 opened | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 opened | cc |
| 29 | archaeologists | archaeologist | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 opened | nsubj |
| 30 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 opened | aux |
| 31 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 32 opened | advmod |
| 32 | opened | open | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 23 show | conj |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 tomb | det |
| 34 | main | main | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 tomb | amod |
| 35 | tomb | tomb | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 opened | obj |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 protect | punct |
| 37 | mainly | mainly | ADV | _ | 39 protect | advmod |
| 38 | to | to | PART | _ | 39 protect | mark |
| 39 | protect | protect | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 32 opened | advcl |
| 40 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 39 protect | obj |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 wrote | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | write | past | the historian | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | have | present | the emperor's tomb | rivers of mercury | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent river=Patient | ||||
| 3 | show | present | soil tests | high mercury levels | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent level=Recipient | ||||
| 4 | not open | present · perfect | archaeologists | the main tomb | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location tomb=Theme | ||||
| 5 | protect | to-infinitive | archaeologists not said here | historian | mainly property | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Beneficiary |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:052-china-the-first-emperor-the-terracotta-army-and-the-great-wall.lesson:12.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/52-china-the-first-emperor-the-terracotta-army-and-the-great-wall/12/