China: the First Emperor, the Terracotta Army and the Great Wall, sentence 20

Tradition says Cai Lun invented paper in 105 AD, but older Chinese paper from about 200 BC has been found, so he improved it rather than invented it.

Who acts: Tradition, Cai · What happens: say, invent, find, improve · To what, where: paper, 105, older Chinese paper · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «China: the First Emperor, the Terracotta Army and the Great Wall» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tradition, Cai), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Tradition	tradition	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	Cai	Cai	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 invented	nsubj
4	Lun	Lun	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 Cai	flat
5	invented	invent	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 says	ccomp
6	paper	paper	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 invented	obj
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 105	case
8	105	105	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 invented	obl
9	AD	ad	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 105	nmod:unmarked
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 found	punct
11	but	but	CCONJ	_	21 found	cc
12	older	old	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	14 paper	amod
13	Chinese	Chinese	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 paper	amod
14	paper	paper	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 found	nsubj:pass
15	from	from	ADP	_	17 200	case
16	about	about	ADV	_	17 200	advmod
17	200	200	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	14 paper	nmod
18	BC	BC	PROPN	Number=Sing	17 200	flat
19	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 found	aux
20	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	21 found	aux:pass
21	found	find	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 invented	conj
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 improved	punct
23	so	so	ADV	_	25 improved	advmod
24	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	25 improved	nsubj
25	improved	improve	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 says	ccomp
26	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	25 improved	obj
27	rather	rather	ADV	ExtPos=CCONJ	29 invented	cc
28	than	than	ADP	_	27 rather	fixed
29	invented	invent	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	25 improved	conj
30	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	29 invented	obj
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 says	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Tradition			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	invent	past	Cai	paper	105 AD	vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent paper=Result
3	find	present · perfect · passive		older Chinese paper from 200		vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic
4	improve	past	Cai	paper		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient
5	invent	past	Cai not said here	paper		vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Result

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:052-china-the-first-emperor-the-terracotta-army-and-the-great-wall.lesson:20.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/52-china-the-first-emperor-the-terracotta-army-and-the-great-wall/20/