China: the four great inventions, sentence 5
But Mei sometimes adds too much: gunpowder was not «only for fireworks», Marco Polo did not bring noodles to Italy, and some things, like the crossbow, were invented in more than one place.
Who acts: Mei, gunpowder, Marco · What happens: add, not be, not bring, invent · To what, where: much, noodles, Italy, things, one place · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «China: the four great inventions» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mei, gunpowder, Marco), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 4 adds | cc |
| 2 | Mei | Mei | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 adds | nsubj |
| 3 | sometimes | sometimes | ADV | _ | 4 adds | advmod |
| 4 | adds | add | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | too | too | ADV | _ | 6 much | advmod |
| 6 | much | much | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 adds | obj |
| 7 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 4 adds | punct |
| 8 | gunpowder | gunpowder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 fireworks | nsubj |
| 9 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 fireworks | cop |
| 10 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 14 fireworks | advmod |
| 11 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 14 fireworks | punct |
| 12 | only | only | ADV | _ | 14 fireworks | advmod |
| 13 | for | for | ADP | _ | 14 fireworks | case |
| 14 | fireworks | firework | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 adds | parataxis |
| 15 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 14 fireworks | punct |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 bring | punct |
| 17 | Marco | Marco | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 bring | nsubj |
| 18 | Polo | Polo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 Marco | flat |
| 19 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 bring | aux |
| 20 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 21 bring | advmod |
| 21 | bring | bring | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 adds | advcl |
| 22 | noodles | noodle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 bring | obj |
| 23 | to | to | ADP | _ | 24 Italy | case |
| 24 | Italy | Italy | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 bring | obl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 invented | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 invented | cc |
| 27 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 28 things | det |
| 28 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 invented | nsubj:pass |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 crossbow | punct |
| 30 | like | like | ADP | _ | 32 crossbow | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 crossbow | det |
| 32 | crossbow | crossbow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 things | nmod |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 things | punct |
| 34 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 35 invented | aux:pass |
| 35 | invented | invent | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 adds | conj |
| 36 | in | in | ADP | _ | 40 place | case |
| 37 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp ExtPos=ADV | 39 one | advmod |
| 38 | than | than | ADP | _ | 37 more | fixed |
| 39 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 40 place | nummod |
| 40 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 invented | obl |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 adds | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | add speech: assert | present | Mei | much | sometimes property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | not is in a quote | past | gunpowder | for fireworks | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | not bring | past · do-support | Marco | noodles | Italy | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent noodle=Theme to italy=Destination | |||
| 4 | invent | past · passive | some things like the crossbow | one place | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:053-china-the-four-great-inventions.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/53-china-the-four-great-inventions/5/