China: the four great inventions, sentence 7
Paper, printing, the magnetic compass and gunpowder were all first developed in China and spread west; calling them «the four great inventions» became popular in modern times.
Who acts: calling · What happens: develop, spread, call, become · To what, where: Paper, China · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «China: the four great inventions» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (calling), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Paper | paper | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 developed | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 printing | punct |
| 3 | printing | printing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Paper | conj |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 compass | punct |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 compass | det |
| 6 | magnetic | magnetic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 compass | amod |
| 7 | compass | compass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 printing | conj |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 gunpowder | cc |
| 9 | gunpowder | gunpowder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 compass | conj |
| 10 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 developed | aux:pass |
| 11 | all | all | ADV | _ | 13 developed | advmod |
| 12 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 13 developed | advmod |
| 13 | developed | develop | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 China | case |
| 15 | China | China | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 developed | obl |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 spread | cc |
| 17 | spread | spread | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 developed | conj |
| 18 | west | west | ADV | _ | 17 spread | advmod |
| 19 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 20 calling | punct |
| 20 | calling | call | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 28 became | csubj |
| 21 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 calling | obj |
| 22 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 26 inventions | punct |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 inventions | det |
| 24 | four | four | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 26 inventions | nummod |
| 25 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 inventions | amod |
| 26 | inventions | invention | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 calling | xcomp |
| 27 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 26 inventions | punct |
| 28 | became | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 developed | parataxis |
| 29 | popular | popular | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 became | xcomp |
| 30 | in | in | ADP | _ | 32 times | case |
| 31 | modern | modern | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 times | amod |
| 32 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 popular | obl |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 developed | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | develop | past · passive | Paper and printing and the magnetic compass and gunpowder | China | all, first property | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Product | |||
| 2 | spread | past | west property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | call | gerund | paper | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Recipient | |||||
| 4 | become | past | calling | popular property | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:053-china-the-four-great-inventions.lesson:7.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/53-china-the-four-great-inventions/7/