China: the four great inventions, sentence 9
Bi Sheng made clay movable type around 1040 AD, Korea printed the Jikji with metal type in 1377, and Gutenberg's press of about 1450 used metal type, which suited the alphabet.
Who acts: Bi, Korea, press, Gutenberg · What happens: make, print, use, suit, press · To what, where: clay movable type, 1040, Jikji, 1377, metal type, alphabet
This is a sentence of the lesson «China: the four great inventions» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bi, Korea, press, Gutenberg), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bi | Bi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 made | nsubj |
| 2 | Sheng | Sheng | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Bi | flat |
| 3 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | clay | clay | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 type | compound |
| 5 | movable | movable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 type | amod |
| 6 | type | type | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 made | obj |
| 7 | around | around | ADP | _ | 8 1040 | case |
| 8 | 1040 | 1040 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 3 made | obl |
| 9 | AD | ad | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 1040 | nmod:unmarked |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 printed | punct |
| 11 | Korea | Korea | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 printed | nsubj |
| 12 | printed | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 made | parataxis | |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 Jikji | det |
| 14 | Jikji | Jikji | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 printed | obj |
| 15 | with | with | ADP | _ | 17 type | case |
| 16 | metal | metal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 type | compound |
| 17 | type | type | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 printed | obl |
| 18 | in | in | ADP | _ | 19 1377 | case |
| 19 | 1377 | 1377 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 12 printed | obl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 used | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 used | cc |
| 22 | Gutenberg | Gutenberg | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 press | nmod:poss |
| 23 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 22 Gutenberg | case |
| 24 | press | press | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 used | nsubj |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 27 1450 | case |
| 26 | about | about | ADV | _ | 27 1450 | advmod |
| 27 | 1450 | 1450 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 24 press | nmod |
| 28 | used | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 made | parataxis |
| 29 | metal | metal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 type | compound |
| 30 | type | type | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 used | obj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 suited | punct |
| 32 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 33 suited | nsubj |
| 33 | suited | suit | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 used | conj |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 alphabet | det |
| 35 | alphabet | alphabet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 suited | obj |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 made | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | past | Bi | clay movable type | 1040 AD | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent type=Product | |||
| 2 | past | Korea | the Jikji | 1377 | with metal type | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent jikji=Theme in 1377=Destination | |||
| 3 | use | past | Gutenberg's press of 1450 | metal type | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent type=Patient | ||||
| 4 | suit | past | the alphabet | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | press | Gutenberg | nom press «state intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:053-china-the-four-great-inventions.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/53-china-the-four-great-inventions/9/