China: the Silk Road and the Tang, sentence 18

In 751 Abbasid (Arab Muslim) forces beat a Tang army near the Talas river; a later story says Chinese prisoners taught paper-making in Samarkand, but historians think paper probably reached Central Asia earlier.

Who acts: Abbasid Muslim forces, later story, Chinese prisoners, historians, paper · What happens: beat, say, teach, think, reach · To what, where: Tang army, paper making, Samarkand, Central Asia · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «China: the Silk Road and the Tang» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Abbasid Muslim forces, later story, Chinese prisoners, historians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 751	case
2	751	751	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	9 beat	obl
3	Abbasid	abbasid	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 forces	compound
4	(	(	PUNCT	_	6 Muslim	punct
5	Arab	Arab	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 Muslim	amod
6	Muslim	Muslim	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 forces	compound
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	6 Muslim	punct
8	forces	force	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 beat	nsubj
9	beat	beat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 army	det
11	Tang	Tang	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 army	compound
12	army	army	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 beat	obj
13	near	near	ADP	_	16 river	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 river	det
15	Talas	Talas	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 river	compound
16	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 beat	obl
17	;	;	PUNCT	_	21 says	punct
18	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 story	det
19	later	late	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	20 story	amod
20	story	story	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 says	nsubj
21	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 beat	parataxis
22	Chinese	Chinese	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 prisoners	amod
23	prisoners	prisoner	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 taught	nsubj
24	taught	teach	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	21 says	ccomp
25	paper	paper	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 making	compound
26	-	-	PUNCT	_	25 paper	punct
27	making	make	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 taught	obj
28	in	in	ADP	_	29 Samarkand	case
29	Samarkand	Samarkand	PROPN	Number=Sing	24 taught	obl
30	,	,	PUNCT	_	33 think	punct
31	but	but	CCONJ	_	33 think	cc
32	historians	historian	NOUN	Number=Plur	33 think	nsubj
33	think	think	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 says	conj
34	paper	paper	NOUN	Number=Sing	36 reached	nsubj
35	probably	probably	ADV	_	36 reached	advmod
36	reached	reach	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	33 think	ccomp
37	Central	Central	PROPN	Number=Sing	38 Asia	compound
38	Asia	Asia	PROPN	Number=Sing	36 reached	obj
39	earlier	early	ADV	Degree=Cmp	36 reached	advmod
40	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 beat	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	beat	past	Abbasid Muslim forces	a Tang army		near the Talas river; in 751	vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent army=Patient in 751=Topic
2	say speech: assert	present	a later story				vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	teach speech: other	past	Chinese prisoners	paper making	Samarkand		vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent make=Recipient
4	think speech: other	present	historians				vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
5	reach	past	paper	Central Asia		early, probably property	vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent asia=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:054-china-the-silk-road-and-the-tang.lesson:18.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/54-china-the-silk-road-and-the-tang/18/