China: the Ming and Zheng He's voyages, sentence 7
The Ming also rebuilt the famous brick-and-stone parts of the Great Wall and traded silk and porcelain for silver from the Americas; in the end famine and rebellion inside weakened it before the Manchus came.
Who acts: Ming, famine, Manchus · What happens: rebuild, trade, weaken, come · To what, where: famous brick stone parts, silk, Ming, end
This is a sentence of the lesson «China: the Ming and Zheng He's voyages» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ming, famine, Manchus), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Ming | det |
| 2 | Ming | Ming | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 rebuilt | nsubj |
| 3 | also | also | ADV | _ | 4 rebuilt | advmod |
| 4 | rebuilt | rebuild | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 parts | det |
| 6 | famous | famous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 parts | amod |
| 7 | brick | brick | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 parts | compound |
| 8 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 12 parts | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 parts | cc |
| 10 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 9 and | punct |
| 11 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 parts | compound |
| 12 | parts | part | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 rebuilt | obj |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 Wall | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 Wall | det |
| 15 | Great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 Wall | amod |
| 16 | Wall | Wall | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 parts | nmod |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 traded | cc |
| 18 | traded | trade | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 rebuilt | conj |
| 19 | silk | silk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 traded | obj |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 porcelain | cc |
| 21 | porcelain | porcelain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 silk | conj |
| 22 | for | for | ADP | _ | 23 silver | case |
| 23 | silver | silver | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 traded | obl |
| 24 | from | from | ADP | _ | 26 Americas | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 Americas | det |
| 26 | Americas | Americas | PROPN | Number=Plur | 23 silver | nmod |
| 27 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 4 rebuilt | punct |
| 28 | in | in | ADP | _ | 30 end | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 end | det |
| 30 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 weakened | obl |
| 31 | famine | famine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 weakened | nsubj |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 rebellion | cc |
| 33 | rebellion | rebellion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 famine | conj |
| 34 | inside | inside | ADV | _ | 35 weakened | advmod |
| 35 | weakened | weaken | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 traded | advcl |
| 36 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 weakened | obj |
| 37 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 40 came | mark |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 Manchus | det |
| 39 | Manchus | Manchus | PROPN | Number=Sing | 40 came | nsubj |
| 40 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 35 weakened | advcl |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 rebuilt | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | rebuild | past | the Ming | the famous brick stone parts of the Great Wall | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent part=Result | ||||
| 2 | trade | past | the Ming not said here | silk and porcelain | for silver from the Americas | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent silk=Theme for silver=Co-Theme | |||
| 3 | weaken | past | famine and rebellion | Ming | in the end | inside property | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient | ||
| 4 | come | past | the Manchus | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:056-china-the-ming-and-zheng-he-s-voyages.lesson:7.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/56-china-the-ming-and-zheng-he-s-voyages/7/